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DNA vaccines. --- Genetic vaccines --- Vaccines

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This title discusses all aspects of non-infectious and non-cancer– so called NINC – vaccines. Hypertension, diabetes and allergy vaccine development are referred to as well as the use of adjuvants and nanotechnology in vaccine development. The way of novel vaccines from bench to preclinical to clinical studies and launch to the market under EMEA (European Medicines Agency) and FDA (Food and Drug Administration) guidelines are described in-depth. Practical perspectives of patentability of vaccines are discussed. The book is therefore of interest for researchers and clinicians engaged in vaccine development and molecular vaccine application.

DNA vaccines. --- Vaccines. --- Genetic vaccines --- Medicine. --- Immunology. --- Molecular biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Vaccine. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Biologicals --- Vaccines --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Immunobiology --- Serology --- Health Workforce --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology

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In DNA Vaccines: Methods and Protocols, state-of-the-art review articles by leading experts summarize how to develop and employ the highly promising new DNA vaccines, what clinical results can be expected from their use, and what is known about how they work. Key topics range from vaccine design and construction to preparation and delivery methods, including the use of classical adjuvants, "genetic adjuvants," and the immunostimulatory properties of DNA and selected oligonucleotide sequences. Several contributors provide strategic ideas on antigen engineering and describe the particularly novel applications of DNA vaccine methodology that have recently emerged. In addition, there is a discussion of dendritic cells and antigen-presenting cells, the understanding of whose actions holds great promise for modulating the immune response, and thus for treating disease. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, DNA Vaccines: Methods and Protocols provides a broad panorama of the methods and thinking from which the vaccines of tomorrow will evolve, and so constitutes an invaluable sourcebook for both experts developing new applications and newcomers who want to gain mastery of the techniques and problems involved.

DNA vaccines --- Research --- Methodology --- Vaccines, Synthetic --- Methods --- Science --- Antigens --- Vaccines --- Investigative Techniques --- Recombinant Proteins --- Biological Factors --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Biological Products --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Proteins --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Complex Mixtures --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Vaccines, DNA --- Research Design --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Medical sciences. --- Molecular biology --- Methodology. --- Genetic vaccines --- Basic medical sciences --- Basic sciences, Medical --- Biomedical sciences --- Health sciences --- Preclinical sciences --- Sciences, Medical --- Life sciences --- Medicine --- Research&delete& --- Pharmacy. --- Chemistry --- Drugs --- Materia medica --- Pharmacology --- DNA vaccines - Research - Methodology

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Genetic / DNA immunization represents a novel approach to vaccine and immune therapeutic development. The direct injec­ tion of nucleic acid expression cassettes into a living host results in a limited number of its cells becoming factories for production of the introduced gene products. This host-inappropriate gene expression has important immunological consequences, resulting in the specific immune activation of the host against the gene­ delivered antigen. The recent demonstration by a number of laboratories that the induced immune responses are functional in experimental models against both specific infectious diseases and cancers is likely to have dramatic consequences for the develop­ ment of a new generation of experimental vaccines and immune therapies. This technology has the potential to enable the pro­ duction of vaccines and immune-based therapies that are not only effective immunologically but are accessible to the entire world (rather than just to the most developed nations). Vaccine Development Vaccination against pathogenic microorganisms represents one of the most important advances in the history of medicine. Vaccines, including those against polio, measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, pertussis and other diseases, have dramatically improved and protected more human lives than any other avenue of modern medicine. The vaccine against smallpox, for example, has been so successful that it is now widely believed that this malicious killer, responsible for more deaths in the twentieth century than World Wars I and II combined, has been removed from the face of the earth.

ADN [Vaccins à ] --- DNA vaccines --- DNA-vaccins --- Genetic vaccines --- Genetica [Immuno] --- Genetica--Immunologische aspecten --- Genetics--Immunological aspects --- Génétique--Aspects immunologiques --- Immunity--Genetic aspects --- Immunogenetica --- Immunogenetics --- Immunogénétique --- Immunologie--Aspects génétiques --- Immunologie--Genetische aspecten --- Immunology--Genetic aspects --- Vaccins [DNA-] --- Vaccins à ADN --- Vaccines --- Gentherapie --- DNA --- Vaccines. --- Gentherapie. --- DNA. --- Immunology. --- Virology. --- Cancer research. --- Molecular biology. --- Cancer Research. --- Molecular Medicine. --- Molecular biochemistry --- Molecular biophysics --- Biochemistry --- Biophysics --- Biomolecules --- Systems biology --- Cancer research --- Microbiology --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology

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DNA is a rapidly developing vaccine platform for cancer and infectious and non-infectious diseases. Plasmids are used as immunogens to encode proteins to be further synthesized in vaccine recipients. DNA is mainly synthetic, ensuring enhanced expression in the cells of vaccine recipients (mostly mammalians). Their introduction into the host induces antibody and cellular responses. The latter are often more pronounced, and mimic the events occurring in infection, especially viral. There are a few distinct ways in which the vaccine antigen can be processed and presented, which determine the resulting immune response and which can be manipulated. Routinely, the antigen synthesized within the host cell is processed by proteasome, loaded onto, and presented in a complex with MHC I molecules. Processing can be re-routed to the lysosome, or immunogen can be secreted for further presentation in a complex with MHC II. Apart from expression, vaccination efficacy depends on DNA delivery. DNA immunogens are generally administered by intramuscular or intradermal injections, usually followed by electroporation, which enhances delivery 1000-fold. Other techniques are also used, such as noninvasive introduction by biojectors, skin applications with plasters and microneedles/chips, sonication, magnetofection, and even tattooing. An intense debate regarding the pros and cons of different routes of delivery is ongoing. A number of studies have compared the effect of delivery methods at the level of immunogen expression, and the magnitude and specificity of the resulting immune response. According to some, the delivery route determines immunogenic performance; according to others, it can modulate the level of response, but not its specificity or polarity. The progress of research aiming at the optimization of DNA vaccine design, delivery, and immunogenic performance has led to a marked increase in their efficacy in large species and humans. New DNA vaccines for use in the treatment of infectious diseases, cancer, allergies, and autoimmunity are forthcoming. This Special Issue covers various aspects of DNA vaccine development.

Medicine --- Epidemiology & medical statistics --- alphaviruses --- layered RNA/DNA vectors --- DNA vaccines --- RNA replicons --- recombinant particles --- tumor regression --- protection against tumor challenges and infectious agents --- ebola virus disease --- artificial T-cell antigens --- DNA vaccine constructs --- computer design --- gene expression --- immunogenicity --- DNA vaccine --- mRNA vaccine --- plasmid DNA --- in vitro transcribed mRNA --- immune responses --- formulations --- Cytolytic T Lymphocytes --- antibodies --- innate immunity --- adjuvants --- vaccine delivery --- plasmid --- cytolytic --- perforin --- bicistronic --- HCV --- HIV --- IL-36 --- adjuvant --- DNA --- Zika --- Epstein-Barr virus --- latent proteins --- LMP2 --- EBNA1 --- LMP1 --- HIV-1 --- enhancer element --- circovirus --- influenza --- immunization --- intranasal --- lipid --- flagellin --- BCG --- vaccine --- rBCG --- HTI --- T-cell --- AIDS --- clinical trial --- therapeutic vaccine --- hepatitis C virus (HCV) --- mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) --- modified MSC --- DNA immunization --- nonstructural HCV proteins --- immune response --- HCV vaccine --- myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) --- n/a