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When European powers carved political borders across the Middle East following World War I, a curious event in the international drug trade occurred: Palestine became the most important hashish waystation in the region and a thriving market for consumption. British and French colonial authorities utterly failed to control the illicit trade, raising questions about the legitimacy of their mandatory regimes. The creation of the Israeli state, too, had little effect to curb illicit trade. By the 1960s, drug trade had become a major point of contention in the Arab-Israeli conflict, and drug use widespread. Intoxicating Zion is the first book to tell the story of hashish in Mandatory Palestine and Israel. Trafficking, use, and regulation; race, gender, and class; colonialism and nation-building all weave together in Haggai Ram's social history of the drug from the 1920s to the aftermath of the 1967 War. The hashish trade encompassed smugglers, international gangs, residents, law enforcers, and political actors, and Ram traces these flows through the interconnected realms of cross-border politics, economics, and culture. Hashish use was and is a marker of belonging and difference, and its history offers readers a unique glimpse into how the modern Middle East was made.

Hashish --- History --- Drug trafficking. --- Egypt. --- Israel. --- Lebanon. --- Levant. --- Mandatory Palestine. --- drug consumption. --- drug regulation/control. --- hashish. --- Dagga --- Hasheesh --- Cannabis --- Narcotics

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Drug Utilization --- Research --- Drug utilization --- Geneesmiddelen --- Geneesmiddelen : gebruik --- Geneesmiddelen : misbruik --- Toxicologie --- 615.099 --- Médicaments --- Drug consumption --- Drug surveillance --- Drug use --- Drug use monitoring --- Drugs --- Medication use --- Monitoring, Drug use --- Utilization of drugs --- Chemotherapy --- Medical care --- Hospitals --- Utilization --- Drug distribution systems

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This report presents the recommendations of the WHO Expert Committee responsible for updating the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. The first part contains an update on the revised procedures for updating the Model List and the development of the WHO Essential Medicines Library. It continues to present a summary of the Committee's considerations and justifications for additions and changes to the 12th Model List, including its recommendation to add ten antiretroviral medicines. The annexes include the 12th WHO Model List of Essential Medicines in its usual presentation and, for the first time, in the five-level Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification system.

Drugs --- Standards --- Medicine --- Drug utilization --- Drug consumption --- Drug surveillance --- Drug use --- Drug use monitoring --- Medication use --- Monitoring, Drug use --- Utilization of drugs --- Chemotherapy --- Medical care --- Hospitals --- Health Workforce --- Medicaments --- Medications --- Medicine (Drugs) --- Medicines (Drugs) --- Pharmaceuticals --- Prescription drugs --- Bioactive compounds --- Medical supplies --- Pharmacopoeias --- Materia medica --- Pharmacology --- Pharmacy --- Utilization --- Drug distribution systems

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This book provides prescribing advice for medical and non-medical prescribers caring for adult patients with common musculoskeletal problems. It will be particularly useful for non-medical practitioners, including independent physiotherapy and podiatry prescribers. Reference is made to current prescribing law and accountability, and the principles of safe prescribing are clearly defined. It gives practical prescribing advice for pain control, corticosteroids, osteoporosis, Paget's disease, gout and disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs. Basic information is provided on each drug, including th

Drugs --- Musculoskeletal system. --- Drug utilization. --- Drug consumption --- Drug surveillance --- Drug use --- Drug use monitoring --- Medication use --- Monitoring, Drug use --- Utilization of drugs --- Chemotherapy --- Medical care --- Hospitals --- Locomotor system --- Musculo-skeletal system --- Skeletomuscular system --- Drug prescribing --- Prescribing of drugs --- Prescription of drugs --- Prescribing. --- Utilization --- Drug distribution systems

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The main purpose of this paper is to summarize the information currently available on cocaine production and trafficking. The paper starts by describing the available data on cocaine production and trade, the collection methodologies (if available) used by different sources, the main biases in the data, and the accuracy of different data sources. Next, it states some of the key empirical questions and hypotheses regarding cocaine production and trade and takes a first look at how well the data match these hypotheses. The paper states some of the main puzzles in the cocaine market and studies some of the possible explanations. These puzzles and empirical questions should guide future research on the key determinants of illicit drug production and trafficking. Finally, the paper studies the different policies that producer countries have adopted to fight against cocaine production and the role consumer countries play in the implementation of anti-drug policies.

Agriculture --- Alcohol and Substance Abuse --- Anxiety --- Cocaine --- Crack --- Crime --- Crime and Society --- Crops and Crop Management Systems --- Drug consumption --- Economic Theory and Research --- Fatigue --- Headaches --- Health Monitoring and Evaluation --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Isolation --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Social Development --- Sodium --- Violence