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Bankirer --- Köpmän --- Ekonomisk historia
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Economic development. --- Economic history --- Ekonomisk historia --- Ekonomisk utveckling.
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History of Europe --- Public finance --- EEC / European Union - EU -Europese Unie - Union Européenne - UE --- EUR / Europe - Europa --- 334.151.20 --- 336.01 --- 331.161.0 --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden. --- Overheidsbemoeiing op economisch gebied. --- Geschiedenis van de overheidsfinanciën: agemeenheden. --- Geschiedenis van de overheidsfinanciën: agemeenheden --- Economische en monetaire unie van de Europese Gemeenschappen: algemeenheden --- Overheidsbemoeiing op economisch gebied --- Debts, Public --- Debts, Public. --- Economic history. --- Kreditwürdigkeit --- Staat --- Öffentliche Schulden. --- Statsskuld --- Ekonomisk historia. --- Europäische Integration --- Europapolitik --- Öffentliche Schulden --- Finanzpolitik --- Geschichte --- EU-Staaten --- Europa --- History. --- historia. --- Europe --- Europa. --- Europe. --- Economic conditions. --- Kreditwürdigkeit.
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Rebecca L. Spang, who revolutionized our understanding of the restaurant, has written a new history of money. It uses one of the most infamous examples of monetary innovation, the assignats—a currency initially defined by French revolutionaries as “circulating land”—to demonstrate that money is as much a social and political mediator as it is an economic instrument. Following the assignats from creation to abandonment, Spang shows them to be subject to the same slippages between policies and practice, intentions and outcomes, as other human inventions. But Spang’s book is also a new history of the French Revolution, one in which radicalization was driven by an ever-widening gap between political ideals and the realities of daily life. Money played a critical role in creating this gulf. Wed to the idea that liberty required economic deregulation as well as political freedom, revolutionary legislators extended the notion of free trade to include “freedom of money.” The consequences were disastrous. Backed neither by the weight of tradition nor by the state that issued them, the assignats could not be a functioning currency. Ever reluctant to interfere in the workings of the market, lawmakers thought changes to the material form of the assignats should suffice to enhance their credibility. Their hopes were disappointed, and the Revolution spiraled out of control. Stuff and Money in the Time of the French Revolution restores economics, in the broadest sense, to its rightful place at the heart of the Revolution and hence to that of modern politics.
History of France --- anno 1700-1799 --- anno 1800-1899 --- Money --- Assignats --- Monetary policy --- Monnaie --- Politique monétaire --- Assignats. --- History --- History. --- Social aspects --- Political aspects --- France --- Economic conditions --- Politics and government --- Politique et gouvernement --- Economic history. --- Monetary policy. --- Money. --- Politics and government. --- Französische Revolution. --- Geld. --- Geldpolitik. --- Pengar --- Penningpolitik --- Ekonomisk historia. --- Politiska förhållanden --- Political aspects. --- Social aspects. --- historia. --- sociala aspekter --- politiska aspekter --- Revolution (France : 1789-1799). --- 1700-1799. --- 1700-talet. --- France. --- Frankreich. --- Frankrike. --- Assignats -- History. --- France -- Economic conditions -- 18th century. --- France -- History -- Revolution, 1789-1799. --- France -- Politics and government -- 1789-1799. --- Monetary policy -- France -- History -- 18th century. --- Money -- France -- History -- 18th century. --- Money -- Political aspects -- France -- History -- 18th century. --- Money -- Social aspects -- France -- History -- 18th century. --- Finance --- Business & Economics --- Monetary management --- Currency --- Monetary question --- Money, Primitive --- Specie --- Standard of value --- Economic policy --- Currency boards --- Money supply --- Exchange --- Value --- Banks and banking --- Coinage --- Currency question --- Gold --- Silver --- Silver question --- Wealth --- Inflation (Finance) --- Revolution (France : 1789-1799) --- E-books
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"La France se couche. La France se meurt. La France avait pris l'habitude depuis le XVII siècle et, plus encore, depuis la Révolution française, d'imposer ses idées, ses foucades mêmes, sa vision du monde et sa langue, à un univers pâmé devant tant de merveilles. Non seulement elle n'y parvient plus, mais elle se voit contrainte d'ingurgiter des valeurs et des moeurs aux antipodes de ce qu'elle a édifé au fil des siècles. Nos élites politiques, économiques, administratives, médiatiques, intellectuelles, artistiques, héritières de mai 68, s'en félicitent. Elles somment la France de s'adapter aux nouvelles valeurs. Elles crachent sur sa tombe et piétinent son cadavre fumant. Elles en tirent gratification sociale et financière. Elles ont désintégré le peuple en le privant de sa mémoire nationale par la déculturation, tout en brisant son unité par l'immigration. Toutes observent, goguenardes et faussement affectées, la France qu'on abat ; et écrivent, d'un air las et dédaigneux, "les dernières pages de l'Histoire de France". Ce vaste projet subversif connaît aujourd'hui ses limites. Le voile se déchire. Il est temps de déconstruire les déconstruire les déconstructeurs. Année après année, événement après événement, président après président, chanson après chanson, film après film... L'histoire totale d'une déconstruction joyeuse, savante et obstinée des moindres rouages qui avaient édifié la France"--Page 4 of cover. Forty years of indifference to the fate of the true "invisible" of the Republic (workers, peasants, employees) have, with the economic crisis led to a lost and injured people, delivered to the new despots of Brussels. It is time to do the accounts!
BPB1502 --- France --- Politique intérieure --- Histoire --- Crise politique --- #GGSB: Geschiedenis (Europa) --- Frankrijk --- Binnenlands beleid --- Geschiedenis --- Politieke crisis --- politieke crisis --- politická kríza --- crise política --- politička kriza --- politinė krizė --- krizë politike --- kriżi politika --- politiskā krīze --- politická krize --- politische Krise --- kryzys polityczny --- political crisis --- politisk kris --- crisis política --- politikai válság --- политическа криза --- poliitiline kriis --- πολιτική κρίση --- политичка криза --- politična kriza --- crisi politica --- poliittinen kriisi --- politisk krise --- criză politică --- crisi di governo --- politikai krízis --- História --- ιστορία --- storja --- histori --- historie --- historia --- história --- история --- stair --- geschiedenis --- történettudomány --- povijest --- zgodovina --- history --- историја --- Geschichtswissenschaft --- storia --- istorija --- ajalugu --- vēsture --- istorie --- Geschichte --- historiografie --- storiografia --- dějiny národů --- historiador --- dějepis --- historická věda --- történelem --- εσωτερική πολιτική --- politică internă --- indenrigspolitik --- vnitřní politika --- politika domestika --- inrikespolitik --- Innenpolitik --- внатрешна политика --- унутрашња политика --- вътрешна политика --- sisepoliitika --- sisäpolitiikka --- notranja politika --- polityka wewnętrzna --- belpolitika --- vidaus politika --- politikë e brendshme --- iekšpolitika --- binnenlands beleid --- unutrašnja politika --- domestic policy --- política interna --- politica interna --- política interior --- vnútorná politika --- domácí politika --- домашна политика --- Francuska --- Franciaország --- An Fhrainc --- Frankrig --- Franza --- Frankrike --- Francja --- Franța --- Франция --- Francia --- Francúzsko --- Franca --- Francie --- Francija --- Франција --- Γαλλία --- Француска --- Prantsusmaa --- Prancūzija --- França --- Ranska --- Frankreich --- Ranskan tasavalta --- Republica Franceză --- Francúzska republika --- Prancūzijos Respublika --- Republika Franceze --- Република Франција --- République française --- Republiken Frankrike --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- die Französische Republik --- Francuska Republika --- Franse Republiek --- Француска Република --- French Republic --- Francijas Republika --- ir-Repubblika Franċiża --- Republika Francuska --- Den Franske Republik --- Francia Köztársaság --- República Francesa --- Francouzská republika --- Repubblica francese --- Prantsuse Vabariik --- Francoska republika --- Френска република --- Allmänna opinionen. --- Economic history. --- Economic policy. --- Ekonomisk historia. --- Ekonomisk politik. --- Ekonomiska förhållanden. --- Niedergang. --- Politics and government. --- Politiska förhållanden. --- Public opinion --- Public opinion. --- Social conditions. --- Sociala förhållanden. --- Efter 1945. --- Since 1945. --- France. --- Frankreich. --- Economic conditions --- Economic policy --- History --- Politics and government --- Social conditions --- géarchéim pholaitiúil --- beartas intíre --- Political philosophy. Social philosophy --- Geschiedenis (Europa) --- Politique intérieure --- 282 Landbeschrijvingen (sociaal-economisch-cultureel) --- 388.3 Uiterst rechts
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Some scholars have noted the role of China's demand for silver in shaping the Western dominance of the modern world. This book discusses the interaction of this demand and the early nineteenth-century Latin American independence movements, changes in the world economy, the resulting disruptions in the Qing dynasty and the transformation from the High Qing to modern China.
Silver --- Argent --- China --- Chine --- Commerce --- History --- Economic policy --- Politics and government --- Civilization --- Social conditions. --- Histoire --- Politique économique --- Politique et gouvernement --- Civilisation --- Conditions sociales --- S10/0210 --- S02/0300 --- S11/0491 --- China: Economics, industry and commerce--General works and economic history: before 1840 --- China: General works--Chinese culture and the West and vice-versa --- China: Social sciences--Society before 1840 --- Politique économique --- Specie --- Precious metals --- Money --- Cina --- Kinë --- Cathay --- Chinese National Government --- Chung-kuo kuo min cheng fu --- Republic of China (1912-1949) --- Kuo min cheng fu (China : 1912-1949) --- Chung-hua min kuo (1912-1949) --- Kina (China) --- National Government (1912-1949) --- China (Republic : 1912-1949) --- People's Republic of China --- Chinese People's Republic --- Chung-hua jen min kung ho kuo --- Central People's Government of Communist China --- Chung yang jen min cheng fu --- Chung-hua chung yang jen min kung ho kuo --- Central Government of the People's Republic of China --- Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo --- Zhong hua ren min gong he guo --- Kitaĭskai︠a︡ Narodnai︠a︡ Respublika --- Činská lidová republika --- RRT --- Republik Rakjat Tiongkok --- KNR --- Kytaĭsʹka Narodna Respublika --- Jumhūriyat al-Ṣīn al-Shaʻbīyah --- RRC --- Kitaĭ --- Kínai Népköztársaság --- Chūka Jinmin Kyōwakoku --- Erets Sin --- Sin --- Sāthāranarat Prachāchon Čhīn --- P.R. China --- PR China --- Chung-kuo --- Zhongguo --- Zhonghuaminguo (1912-1949) --- Zhong guo --- République Populaire de Chine --- República Popular China --- Catay --- VR China --- VRChina --- 中國 --- 中国 --- 中华人民共和国 --- Jhongguó --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaxu Dundadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gu̇de Nayiramdaqu Dumdadu Arad Ulus --- Bu̇gd Naĭramdakh Dundad Ard Uls --- Khi︠a︡tad --- Kitad --- Dumdadu Ulus --- Dumdad Uls --- Думдад Улс --- Kitajska --- China (Republic : 1949- ) --- PRC --- P.R.C. --- BNKhAU --- БНХАУ --- Ekonomisk historia --- Penningväsen --- Silver. --- Qing Dynasty (China) --- Politics and government. --- Economic policy. --- Commerce. --- Civilization. --- Barbarism --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Culture --- World Decade for Cultural Development, 1988-1997 --- Trade --- Traffic (Commerce) --- Economics --- Business --- Merchants --- Transportation --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Descriptive sociology --- Social conditions --- Social history --- Sociology --- historia --- China.
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