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By Kathryne Hammer, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts. With a Foreword by Asa J. Wilbourn. Designed as a supplemental aid to learning electromyography and neurodiagnosis, this manual focuses almost exclusively on the performance and interpretation of nerve conduction studies. Neuromuscular anatomy and physiology and clinical correlations are covered only in a very broad manner. The first two chapters introduce the topic and review technical considerations. Following sections cover nerve conduction study set-ups for facial, upper extremity and lower extremity studies; reflex

Electromyography. --- Neural conduction. --- Electromyography --- Neural conduction --- Nervous System Physiological Processes --- Diseases --- Electrodiagnosis --- Myography --- Electrophysiological Processes --- Physiological Processes --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Nervous System Physiological Phenomena --- Electrophysiological Phenomena --- Physiological Phenomena --- Diagnosis --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Neural Conduction --- Nervous System Diseases

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General biophysics --- Electrophysiology --- Electrophysiology. --- Electrophysiological Phenomena. --- Biological Phenomena. --- Biologic Phenomena --- Biological Phenomenon --- Biological Process --- Phenomena, Biological --- Biological Processes --- Phenomena, Biologic --- Phenomenon, Biological --- Process, Biological --- Processes, Biological --- Electrophysiologic Concepts --- Electrophysiologic Phenomena --- Electrophysiological Phenomenon --- Electrophysiological Process --- Electrophysiological Concepts --- Electrophysiological Processes --- Concept, Electrophysiologic --- Concept, Electrophysiological --- Concepts, Electrophysiologic --- Concepts, Electrophysiological --- Electrophysiologic Concept --- Electrophysiological Concept --- Phenomena, Electrophysiologic --- Phenomena, Electrophysiological --- Phenomenon, Electrophysiological --- Process, Electrophysiological --- Processes, Electrophysiological --- Animal electricity --- Bioelectricity --- Electricity, Animal --- Electrobiology --- Neurology --- Physiology --- Electricity --- Physiological effect --- Electrophysiological Phenomena --- Biological Phenomena --- Électrophysiologie --- Électrophysiologie. --- Processus électrophysiologiques.

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Accumulation of glia, gliosis, in various neurological disorders is not a static scar, but actively involved in pathogenesis of various neurological and psychiatric disorders, where glial cells produce both inflammatory and neurotrophic factors. These factors may play a role in neuronal damage, but also have a protective and reparative function by inducing neuroinflammation. However, definition as well as the mechanisms of neuroinflammation is not yet clear. We first define acute, chronic and non-classical neuroinflammation. Glial cells are activated by a variety of stimuli via receptors on glial cells. Toll like receptors (TLR) are one of these receptors. In response to harmful stimuli, neurons produce factors as either “eat-me” or “help-me” signals. These factors include cytokines, chemokines and damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). Some of them activate glial cells via TLR, and function to protect neurons or further induce neuroinflammation. Thus, the interaction between neuron-glia and glia-glia is a main feature of neuroinflammation. Glial cells communicate with other glial or neural cells via gap-junctions. The communication may also be important for the understanding of neuroinflammation. Oligodendrocytes-neurons communication may be critical in either myelination or demyelination. Damage of blood-brain barrier (BBB) is common feature of both inflammatory and degenerative neurological disorders. Thus, relation of BBB damage and functions of glial cell may also be important in the development of neuroinflammation.　 In this book, we focused on neuron-glia interaction of various aspects for understanding of pathophysiology of neuroinflammation in development of inflammatory as well as degenerative neurological disorders.

Biomedicine. --- Neuroglia. --- Neurology. --- Neurosciences. --- Neuroglia --- Neural transmission --- Nervous system --- Inflammation --- Nervous System --- Electrophysiological Processes --- Pathologic Processes --- Nervous System Diseases --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Diseases --- Electrophysiological Phenomena --- Anatomy --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Phenomena and Processes --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Physiological Phenomena --- Physiology --- Neuroimmunomodulation --- Neurodegenerative Diseases --- Nervous System Physiological Phenomena --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neurology --- Degeneration --- Degeneration. --- Glial cells --- Degeneration, Nerve --- Nerve degeneration --- Nervous system degeneration --- Neurodegenerative disease --- Neurodegenerative diseases --- Neurodegenerative disorders --- Neuron degeneration --- Nissl degeneration --- Retrograde degeneration --- Wallerian degeneration --- Degeneration and regeneration --- Medicine. --- Nerve tissue --- Nerves --- Degeneration (Pathology) --- Neuropsychiatry --- Neural sciences --- Neurological sciences --- Neuroscience --- Medical sciences --- Neurology .

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In the last decade, the synergistic interaction of neurosurgeons, engineers, and neuroscientists, combined with new technologies, has enabled scientists to study the awake, behaving human brain directly. These developments allow cognitive processes to be characterised at unprecedented resolution: single neuron activity. In this volume, experts document the successes, challenges, and opportunity in an emerging field.

Neurons -- Physiology. --- Neurons --- Brain mapping --- Neural transmission --- Cognition --- Central Nervous System --- Electrophysiological Processes --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Nervous System --- Diagnostic Imaging --- Investigative Techniques --- Mental Processes --- Signal Transduction --- Nervous System Physiological Processes --- Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological --- Cells --- Biochemical Processes --- Physiological Processes --- Anatomy --- Electrophysiological Phenomena --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Nervous System Physiological Phenomena --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Psychological Phenomena and Processes --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Physiological Phenomena --- Chemical Processes --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Diagnosis --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Psychiatry and Psychology --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Chemical Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Synaptic Transmission --- Physiology --- Brain --- Brain Mapping --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Neuroscience --- Physiology. --- Cell physiology --- Neurophysiology

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Within the complex neuronal network of the nervous system, neuron-to-neuron communication occurs mainly through chemical synapses, where the presynaptic nerve terminal releases neurotransmitters that control the function of postsynaptic neurons by acting on postsynaptic receptors. Recent decades have brought groundbreaking new developments and a wealth of knowledge to this field. In Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Release, leading experts provide concise, up-to-date information on all major molecular mechanisms involved, with complete background information and figures and diagrams to further elucidate key concepts or experiments. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Release is sure to provide a learning tool for neuroscience students, a solid reference for neuroscientists, and a source of knowledge for all those who have a general interest in the ever-evolving field of neuroscience.

Biomedicine. --- Neurosciences. --- Cell Biology. --- Neurobiology. --- Neurology. --- Human Physiology. --- Medicine. --- Human physiology. --- Cytology. --- Médecine --- Physiologie humaine --- Neurosciences --- Neurologie --- Cytologie --- Neurobiologie --- Neurotransmitters. --- Neural transmission. --- Synaptic Transmission --- Neurotransmitter Agents --- Physiological Effects of Drugs --- Signal Transduction --- Nervous System Physiological Processes --- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action --- Electrophysiological Processes --- Physiological Processes --- Biochemical Processes --- Electrophysiological Phenomena --- Pharmacologic Actions --- Nervous System Physiological Phenomena --- Cell Physiological Processes --- Physiological Phenomena --- Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena --- Chemical Processes --- Biochemical Phenomena --- Chemical Actions and Uses --- Cell Physiological Phenomena --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Chemical Phenomena --- Phenomena and Processes --- Neuroscience --- Neurology --- Medicine --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Nerve transmission --- Nervous transmission --- Neurotransmission --- Synaptic transmission --- Transmission of nerve impulses --- Chemical nerve transmitters --- Nerve transmitter substances --- Neural transmitters --- Neurohumors --- Neuroregulators --- Synaptic transmitters --- Transmitters, Chemical nerve --- Transmitters, Synaptic --- Cell biology. --- Neural circuitry --- Neurophysiology --- Neurotransmitters --- Neurochemistry --- Neural transmission