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Energy efficiency in industry is a crucial topic for Turkey, as the country has an import dependency of 80 percent in energy. Although the importance of enhancing energy efficiency in industry is widely acknowledged, there has not been any study examining the energy efficiency in Turkish industry at micro level. Employing a sound decomposition methodology on a firm-level data set of manufacturing firms, this paper documents that there was a significant decrease in the energy intensity of firms over 2005-12. In contrast, structural change across manufacturing sectors and across firms within sectors had positive but limited effects on the overall energy efficiency over the period.

Energy Consumption --- Energy Efficiency --- Energy Intensity --- Manufacturing

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The objective of this report is to identify policies, financing and delivery mechanisms with the view of scaling-up thermal retrofit of existing residential and public buildings in Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland, and Romania. These two segments of the building sector are critical to national goals for EE improvement, environmental protection and social development. Also, compared to other sectors, they remain underserved by existing programs and traditional financing mechanisms. With this in mind, the report focuses on Croatia and Bulgaria and identifies a menu of actionable and implementable interventions around program models, financing schemes, and institutional set-ups that take into account current policy and market conditions in the target countries, as well as examples of international good practice.

Energy --- Energy consumption --- Energy demand --- Energy efficiency --- Energy intensity --- Energy policies and economics

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Management practices matter for firm performance. As energy is one input in firm production, management practices may interact with energy use. Using a comprehensive firm-level database covering 31 countries, this study documents the link between structured management practices, energy use, and firm performance. The paper reports several findings. First, although management is negatively correlated with energy expenditure, it bears a positive (or 0) relationship with physical energy use, suggesting that management effort is directed toward saving costs but not reducing environmental impact. These results are primarily driven by the manufacturing sector. Second, among the structured management practices examined, those relating to target-setting are associated with reduced energy expenditure intensity. Third, generic management practices are correlated with greater discipline around energy management. Finally, while generic practices are correlated with stronger firm performance in manufacturing and services, energy-centric practices show a positive association only in services. Vast heterogeneity in adoption and outcomes suggests that targeted approaches to encourage energy management practices in firms may be more effective than uniform ones.

Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy Demand --- Energy Intensity --- Energy Policies and Economics --- Energy Use --- Environmental Impact --- Firm Performance --- Management Practices --- Organizational Management --- Private Sector Development --- Private Sector Economics

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Energy intensity has declined significantly in four Chinese industries-pulp and paper; cement; iron and steel; and aluminum. While previous studies have identified technological change within an industry to be an important influence on energy intensity, few have examined how industry-specific policies and market factors also affect industry-level intensity. This paper employs unique firm-level data from China's most energy-intensive large and medium-size industrial enterprises in each of these four industries over a six-year period from 1999 to 2004. It empirically examines how China's energy-saving programs, liberalization of domestic markets, openness to the world economy, and other policies, contribute to the decline in energy intensity in these industries. The results suggest that rising energy costs are a significant contributor to the decline in energy intensity in all four industries. China's industrial policies targeting scale economies-for example, "grasping the large, letting go off the small"-also seem to have contributed to reductions in energy intensity in these four industries. However, the results also suggest that trade openness and technology development led to declines in energy intensity in only one or two of these industries. Finally, the analysis finds that energy intensities vary among firms with different ownership types and regional locations.

Chinese manufacturing --- E-Business --- Energy --- Energy and Environment --- Energy intensity --- Energy pricing --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Environment --- Environment and Energy Efficiency --- Industrial policy --- Water and Industry

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Chongqing is at a crossroads where its GDP per capita will reach a level at which cities typically decouple economic growth from energy and resource use, as well as associated carbon emissions and pollution. However, decoupling does not happen automatically. It requires cities to adopt green growth policies. For Chongqing to build a more innovative economy that increases its share of high-value activities, it is critical that it use resources more efficiently. Chongqing Municipality's energy mix is dominated by coal at 60 percent and more generally by fossil fuels at 75 percent (Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Statistics and NBS Survey Office in Chongqing 2016). Moreover, an inefficient urban form and an energy- and raw material-intensive economy have led to an overconsumption of resources, serious environmental damage, and high GHG emissions. To produce one unit of GDP, Chongqing Municipality consumes 10 times more energy and emits eight times more CO2 than the Greater Tokyo Area or Seoul Capital Area. High emissions have deterioratingeffects on its environment and air quality, and they pose a significant danger to human health and risk exacerbating climate change.

Air Quality and Clean Air --- City Development Strategies --- Climate Change Mitigation and Green House Gases --- Electric Cars --- Energy --- Energy Demand --- Energy Efficiency --- Energy Intensity --- Environment --- Green Issues --- Renewable Energy --- Transport --- Urban Development --- Urban Economic Development