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Perturbations linked to the direct and indirect impacts of human activities during the Anthropocene affect the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems to varying degrees. Some perturbations involve stress to aquatic life, including soil and water acidification, soil erosion, loss of base cations, release of trace metals/organic compounds, and application of essential nutrients capable of stimulating primary productivity. Superimposed onto these changes, climate warming impacts aquatic environments via altering species’ metabolic processes and by modifying food web interactions. The interaction stressors is difficult to predict because of the differential response of species and taxonomic groups, interacting additively, synergistically, or antagonistically. Whenever different trophic levels respond differently to climate warming, food webs are restructured; yet, the consequences of warming-induced changes for the food web structure and long-term population dynamics of different trophic levels remain poorly understood. Such changes are crucial in lakes, where food web production is mainly due to ectotherms, which are highly sensitive to changes in their surrounding environment. Due to its remarkable physical inertia, including thermal stability, global warming also has a profound effect on groundwater ecosystems. Combining contemporary and palaeo data is essential to understand the degree to which mechanisms of stressors impact on lake biological communities and lake ecosystem functioning. The degree to which alterations can affect aquatic ecosystem structure and functioning also requires functional diversity to be addressed at the molecular level, to reconstruct the role different species play in the transfer of material and energy through the food web. In this issue, we present examples of the impact of different stressors and their interaction on aquatic ecosystems, providing long-term, metabolic, molecular, and paleolimnological analyses.

multivariate analyses --- risk assessment --- aquatic insects --- crustaceans --- lab-microcosms --- nonmetric multidimensional scaling --- adaptation --- porous aquifer --- PERMANOVA --- Planktothrix rubescens --- species conservation --- distribution patterns of species --- Cyanobacteria --- fossil Cladocera --- high throughput sequencing --- machine learning model --- stability --- small lakes --- environmental factor --- non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMDS) --- stream ecosystem --- lake vulnerability --- PCA --- functional diversity --- ecological resilience --- nitrification --- deep lake --- metabolism --- South–North Water Diversion Project --- endemic species --- EPT taxa --- trophic interactions --- stable isotope analysis --- environmental change --- bioassessment --- generalized procrustes analysis --- freshwater pollution --- colonization --- paleolimnology --- Tychonema bourrellyi --- plankton --- subalpine lakes --- random forest model --- Danjiangkou Reservoir --- trophic degree --- multiple scale --- biodiversity --- copepods --- zooplankton --- groundwater --- genetic variability --- respirometry --- ammonium impact --- Stable Isotopes Analysis --- trophic gradient --- seasonality

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As technology becomes an ever-more prevalent part of everyday life, and population-based physical activity programs seek new ways to increase life-long engagement with physical activity, these two ideas have become increasingly linked. This Special Issue attempts to offer a thorough and critical examination of emerging technologies in physical activity and health promotion, considering technological interventions in different contexts (communities, clinics, schools, homes, etc.) among various populations, exploring the challenges of integrating technology into physical activity promotion, and offering solutions for its implementation. This Special Issue aims to take a broadly positive stance toward interactive technology initiatives and, while discussing some negative implications of an increased use of technology, offers practical recommendations for promoting physical activity through various emerging technologies, including, but not limited to: Active video games (exergaming); social media; mobile device apps; health wearables; mobile games, augmented reality games, global positioning and geographic information systems; and virtual reality. Offering a logical and clear critique of emerging technologies in physical activity and health promotion, this Special Issue will provide useful suggestions and practical implications for researchers, practitioners, and educators in the fields of public health, kinesiology, physical activity and health, and healthcare.

virtual reality --- Amazon Web Services --- wrist-worn activity tracker --- sex difference --- motor skill competence --- mental health --- physical activity assessment --- mHealth --- augmented reality --- musculoskeletal fitness --- health navigator --- Google Glass --- cardiorespiratory fitness --- fitness --- safety --- moderate-to-vigorous physical activity --- young children --- serious games --- autism spectrum disorder --- physical exercise --- locomotor skills --- active video game --- air quality --- app --- Google --- perceived environmental factor --- motor activity --- active video gaming --- anxiety --- digital health --- narrative review --- preoperative experience --- real-time physical activity --- quality of life --- smartglasses --- Amazon --- intelligence quotient --- mobile phone-based health intervention --- Korean American immigrant women --- Fitbits --- exercise --- epoch --- wearable technology --- measurement --- active video games --- preoperative anxiety --- sedentary behaviour --- mammogram --- sedentary behavior --- heart rate --- social cognitive theory --- senior citizens --- social communication --- breast cancer --- technology --- physical activity --- Autism --- accelerometry --- socio-ecological model --- light physical activity --- recreational physical activity --- screen based sedentary behavior --- accelerometers --- placement site --- virtual reality game --- pedometers --- object control skills --- depression --- physical activity levels

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Despite our deep interest in mortality, little is known about why some individuals live to middle age and others to extreme old age. Life span, mortality, and aging present some of the most profound mysteries in biology. In Longevity, James Carey draws on unprecedented data to develop a biological and demographic framework for identifying the key factors that govern aging, life span, and mortality in humans and other animals. Carey presents the results of a monumental, twelve-year, National Institute on Aging-funded research project on the determinants of longevity using data from the life tables of five million Mediterranean fruit flies, the most comprehensive set of life table studies ever on the mortality dynamics of a single species. He interprets the fruit fly data within the context of human aging and the aging process in general to identify the determinants of mortality. Three key themes emerge: the absence of species-specific life span limits, the context-specific nature of the mortality rate, and biodemographic linkages between longevity and reproduction. A powerful foundation for the emerging field of biodemography and a rich framework for considering the future of human life span, Longevity will be an indispensable resource for readers from a range of fields including population biology, demography, gerontology, ecology, evolutionary biology, and medical research.

Longevity. --- Ageing. --- Amphibian. --- Bacteria. --- Baseline Study. --- Behavior. --- Biodemography. --- Biological system. --- Biologist. --- Biology. --- Biomedicine. --- Brain size. --- Centenarian. --- Ceratitis capitata. --- Ceteris paribus. --- Coevolution. --- Confidence interval. --- Correlation coefficient. --- Degenerative disease. --- Demographic dividend. --- Demography. --- Disease. --- Drosophila melanogaster. --- Drosophila. --- Ecology. --- Egg as food. --- Emergence. --- Environmental factor. --- Estimation. --- Eusociality. --- Evolution. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Extrapolation. --- Fecundity. --- Female. --- Fertility. --- Germ cell. --- Gerontology. --- Grandparent. --- Heritability. --- Hibernation. --- Hominidae. --- Homo erectus. --- Homo habilis. --- Homo sapiens. --- Housefly. --- Hydrolysate. --- Insect. --- Invertebrate. --- James Vaupel. --- Jeanne Calment. --- Kin selection. --- Larva. --- Late-life mortality deceleration. --- Leveling (philosophy). --- Life expectancy. --- Life history theory. --- Life table. --- Logarithm. --- Macronucleus. --- Mammal. --- Mating. --- Maximum life span. --- Menopause. --- Middle age. --- Model organism. --- Mortality rate. --- Multicellular organism. --- Natural selection. --- Nematode. --- Nutrient. --- Nutrition. --- Offspring. --- Old age. --- Opportunity cost. --- Organism. --- Oviparity. --- Parental investment. --- Probability. --- Protein. --- Quality of life. --- Rejuvenation (aging). --- Reproduction. --- Reproductive success. --- Rodent. --- Sampling error. --- Senescence. --- Sex differences in humans. --- Sex ratio. --- Sexual dimorphism. --- Sexual maturity. --- Sexual reproduction. --- Shoaling and schooling. --- Sociality. --- Species. --- Standard deviation. --- Survival rate. --- Trade-off. --- Vertebrate. --- Year.

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A powerful framework for understanding how natural selection shapes adaptation and biological designDesign and diversity are the two great challenges in the study of life. Microbial Life History draws on the latest advances in microbiology to describe the fundamental forces of biological design and apply these evolutionary processes to a broad diversity of traits in microbial metabolism and biochemistry.Emphasizing how to formulate and test hypotheses of adaptation, Steven Frank provides a new foundation for exploring the evolutionary forces of design. He discusses the economic principles of marginal valuations, tradeoffs, and payoffs in risky and random environments; the social aspects of conflict and cooperation; the demographic aspects of age and spatial heterogeneity; and the engineering control theory principles by which systems adjust to environments. Frank then applies these evolutionary principles to the biochemistry of microbial metabolism, providing the first comprehensive link between the forces that shape biological design and cellular energetics.Tracing how natural selection sculpts metabolism, Microbial Life History provides new perspectives on the life histories of organisms, from growth rate and survival to dispersal and defense against attack. Along the way, this incisive book addresses the conceptual and philosophical challenges confronting evolutionary biologists and other practitioners who study biological design and seek to apply its lessons.

Microbial metabolism --- Evolution (Biology) --- Evolution. --- Allele frequency. --- Availability. --- Bacteria. --- Bacteroides. --- Biochemistry. --- Biomass (ecology). --- Biomass. --- Carbon. --- Catabolism. --- Causality. --- Cell membrane. --- Complication (horology). --- Computer scientist. --- Computer simulation. --- Contexts. --- Covariance. --- Covariate. --- Credibility. --- David Spergel. --- Distrust. --- Electron acceptor. --- Electron transport chain. --- Employment. --- Environmental factor. --- Enzyme. --- Equilibrium (puzzle). --- Escherichia coli. --- Fecundity. --- Feed forward (control). --- Fermentation. --- Fitness (biology). --- Fitness landscape. --- Gamma ray. --- Genetic correlation. --- Genotype. --- Glucose uptake. --- Glucose. --- Glycine. --- Glycolysis. --- Heat transfer. --- Hydrogen sulfide. --- Innovation. --- International Union of Pure and Applied Physics. --- Kin selection. --- Laboratory. --- Laser. --- Likelihood function. --- Low frequency. --- Measurement. --- Metabolism. --- Metabolite. --- Metallicity. --- Microbial metabolism. --- Microbiology. --- Microorganism. --- Molecule. --- Monosaccharide. --- Mutation rate. --- National Science Foundation. --- Natural environment. --- Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. --- One-Step. --- Optics. --- Organism. --- Oxidative stress. --- Parameter. --- Pareto efficiency. --- Phenotype. --- Phenotypic trait. --- Prediction. --- Probability. --- Processing (Chinese materia medica). --- Protein. --- Proteome. --- Redox. --- Reproductive success. --- Reproductive value (population genetics). --- Robotic telescope. --- Secretion. --- Selection coefficient. --- Siderophore. --- Sociality. --- Star system. --- Stellar mass. --- Stimulation. --- Subset. --- Sulfate-reducing bacteria. --- Sulfate. --- Sulfide. --- Sunset provision. --- Synthetic biology. --- Technology. --- Toxin. --- Trade-off. --- Trait theory. --- Unit sphere. --- Virulence. --- Weighting. --- rRNA Operon.