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Ergotism --- Ergotisme

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Livestock species are either herbivores or omnivores that are maintained largely on plant-based diets. We have long appreciated the importance of understanding dietary plants from both nutritional and agronomic perspectives. However, it is increasingly clear that the fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms that live in the plants and animals are also significant factors in the ecology of agricultural animals. Many of the effects exerted on animals by dietary plants are attributable to secondary metabolites produced by the plants themselves or commensal microorganisms. Some fungal and plant secondary metabolites have multiple biological effects. We must be careful not to categorize a plant as strictly beneficial or harmful. Furthermore, we must be careful not to categorize even a particular plant or fungal compound as strictly beneficial or harmful. Rather, the harm or benefit of secondary metabolites are often dependent on the metabolic status of the animal, the interaction with other dietary factors including other secondary metabolites, and the dose received through the diet. This collection examines a range of agriculturally important plant and fungal products including essential oils, alkaloids, isoflavones and nitrates.

agriculture --- natural products --- plant toxins --- animal nutrition --- plant secondary metabolites --- ergotism --- essential oils --- food

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Livestock species are either herbivores or omnivores that are maintained largely on plant-based diets. We have long appreciated the importance of understanding dietary plants from both nutritional and agronomic perspectives. However, it is increasingly clear that the fungi, bacteria and other microorganisms that live in the plants and animals are also significant factors in the ecology of agricultural animals. Many of the effects exerted on animals by dietary plants are attributable to secondary metabolites produced by the plants themselves or commensal microorganisms. Some fungal and plant secondary metabolites have multiple biological effects. We must be careful not to categorize a plant as strictly beneficial or harmful. Furthermore, we must be careful not to categorize even a particular plant or fungal compound as strictly beneficial or harmful. Rather, the harm or benefit of secondary metabolites are often dependent on the metabolic status of the animal, the interaction with other dietary factors including other secondary metabolites, and the dose received through the diet. This collection examines a range of agriculturally important plant and fungal products including essential oils, alkaloids, isoflavones and nitrates.

agriculture --- natural products --- plant toxins --- animal nutrition --- plant secondary metabolites --- ergotism --- essential oils --- food

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After the discovery of the ergotism epidemics (poisoning caused by ingesting the fungal toxin of rye) and its etiology, eighteenth-century physicians interpreted medieval chronicles in their medical texts in order to recognize the occurrences of ergotic diseases through retrospective diagnosis. They assumed that St. Anthony's fire and ignis sacer ("sacred fire") recorded in medieval texts represented the same disease, ergotism. This interpretative method, lacking a textual basis in the sources, has been incorrectly followed by historians till now. This book examines this historical prejudice through textual analysis, comparing diverse medieval and early modern sources. A striking semantic complexity emerges that changes the concept of St. Anthony's fire and modifies our understanding of diseases in general. This research illuminates aspects of the history of medicine, society, and hospitals.

MEDICAL / Gastroenterology. --- Ergotism --- Erysipelas --- Diagnosis --- Diseases --- Examinations, Medical (Diagnosis) --- Medical diagnosis --- Medical examinations (Diagnosis) --- Medical tests (Diagnosis) --- Clinical medicine --- Prognosis --- Symptoms --- Ergot --- Saint Anthony's fire --- Mycotoxicoses --- Pyoderma --- Social aspects --- History. --- Testing --- Toxicology --- St. Anthony's fire. --- epidemic disease. --- ergotism. --- ignis sacer. --- Antonius --- Antonios --- Anthony --- Antoine --- Pseudo-Antonius --- Anton --- Heiliger --- 251-356 --- 02 --- -03 --- -St. Anthony's fire.

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Bien avant les années 1960, qui ont marqué l'invasion du LSD dans les sphères artistiques et hippies, l'ergot de seigle, champignon parasite dont est issue cette puissante drogue hallucinogène, a causé des millions de morts au cours des siècles. Alors que le pain a longtemps constitué la base de l'alimentation, sa consommation n'a pas toujours été sans risques. L'ingestion de seigle contaminé est à l'origine du terrible mal des ardents, occasionnant des souffrances insoutenables pour les malades, rongés par la gangrène ou pris de convulsions. La toxicité de l'ergot a été élucidée au XVIIIe siècle, et ses principes actifs, les alcaloïdes, découverts au XXe siècle. Après des décennies d'expérimentations, on en a tiré une drogue psychoactive redoutable, le LSD. Des mystères d'Éleusis à l'affaire du pain maudit de Pont-Saint-Esprit, Jean Vitaux restitue et analyse l'histoire insolite de la pire mycotoxicose que l'humanité a jamais connue.

Ergot de seigle --- Ergotisme --- LSD (drogue) --- Champignons vénéneux --- Champignons hallucinogènes --- Alcaloïdes de l'ergot --- Hallucinogènes --- Mycotoxicoses --- Maladies. --- Emploi en thérapeutique. --- Toxicologie. --- Toxicologie --- Effets psychotropes. --- Aspect médical. --- Physiopathologie. --- Ergot. --- Mycotoxicoses. --- Ergotism. --- LSD (Drug) --- Mushrooms, Poisonous. --- Mushrooms, Hallucinogenic. --- Ergot alkaloids.