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Employee stock option plans have become a common component of remuneration packages in multinational enterprises. This publication presents and examines the many important tax issues that arise for beneficiaries and companies. Focusing first on domestic tax issues, it considers what tax treatment would provide no tax-related incentives for a company to either increase or cut the use of stock options, and would be neutral regarding the choice of either granting stock options or paying ordinary salary. The approach is non-prescriptive and serves to provide a benchmark for policymakers. This is complemented by a survey of taxation of stock options in OECD countries in 2002 that calculates the effective rate of tax and compares it with tax on ordinary salary. Cross-border taxation issues are then discussed. Issues such as the timing of the benefits from stock options, the distinction between employment income and capital gains and the identification of the services to which they relate are relevant to the application of tax treaties, which are based on the OECD Model Tax Convention, and the resulting changes to the Model's Commentary are fully explained. Finally, the effects on transfer pricing are analysed in three circumstances: when an enterprise grants stock options to employees of a subsidiary in another country, when using transfer pricing methods that are affected by remuneration costs, and when employees benefiting from stock options are involved in activities that are the subject of a cost contribution arrangement.
Employee stock options --- Taxation. --- ESOP (Employee stock option plans) --- Options, Employee stock --- Employee fringe benefits --- Stock options
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Cette publication est consacrée aux nombreux problèmes fiscaux qui se posent aux bénéficiaires de ces options et aux entreprises qui les attribuent. En s’attachant tout d’abord aux questions fiscales internes, on examine quel est le régime fiscal qui n’inciterait pas fiscalement une société à accroître ou réduire l’utilisation de ces options et qui serait neutre pour le choix entre l’attribution d’options ou le versement d’un salaire. Cette démarche n’a aucun caractère prescriptif et vise à servir de référence aux responsables chargés de ces questions. On trouvera aussi un panorama de la taxation des options de souscription ou d’achat d’actions dans les pays de l’OCDE pour 2002, avec calcul du taux effectif d’imposition comparé à l’impôt sur les revenus salariaux ordinaires. L’étude porte ensuite sur les questions de fiscalité internationale. Elle traite en particulier du moment auquel les options procurent leurs avantages, de la distinction entre revenus du travail et plus-values en capital, ainsi que de la détermination des services auxquels les options se rattachent. Ce sont autant d’éléments à prendre en compte pour l’application des conventions fiscales reposant sur le Modèle de convention fiscale de l’OCDE, et les modifications corrélatives des commentaires du Modèle sont analysées dans le détail. Enfin, cette étude examine les effets sur le plan des prix de transfert dans les trois situations suivantes : lorsqu’une entreprise attribue des options aux salariés d’une filiale étrangère, lorsqu’on applique des méthodes de calcul des prix de transfert qui font intervenir les coûts de rémunération et lorsque les salariés bénéficiant d’options participent à des activités qui donnent lieu à un accord de répartition des coûts. Cette étude détaillée est indispensable pour bien comprendre tous les tenants et les aboutissants de la taxation des options de souscription ou d’achat d’actions destinées aux salariés.
Employee stock options --- Options d'achat d'actions --- Taxation. --- Impôts --- Stock options --- ESOP (Employee stock option plans) --- Options, Employee stock --- Employee fringe benefits
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Employee stock options --- Stock ownership --- -Stock ownership --- -Corporate ownership --- Corporations --- Ownership of stock --- Property --- ESOP (Employee stock option plans) --- Options, Employee stock --- Employee fringe benefits --- Stock options --- Ownership --- -Employee stock options --- Employee stock options - France --- Stock ownership - France
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Biographie fantaisiste d'un auteur semi-légendaire, la Vie d’Ésope raconte l’étonnante ascension d’un misérable esclave, que son intelligence rusée et le soutien des dieux hissent peu à peu au niveau des grands de ce monde, mais qui, tel un héros de tragédie, périt, victime de son hybris, d’une fin de bouc émissaire. Assemblage composite d’éléments dont les plus anciens remontent à l’époque classique, l’œuvre a pris sa forme actuelle au début de notre ère, au moment même où s’épanouit le roman grec. Mais elle a pour héros un personnage qui, par son incroyable laideur et ses origines serviles, est aux antipodes des séduisants et aristocratiques jeunes premiers du roman grec, et fait figure de « marginal » culturel, protagoniste hors norme d’une œuvre volontiers subversive où figures d’autorités et représentants de la haute culture sont assez durement mis à mal. Comme bien d’autres textes populaires, que ne protégeait pas le respect des copistes, la Vie d’Ésope a fait l’objet d’adaptations successives au fil des siècles : c’est la version la plus ancienne, celle du manuscrit de Grottaferrata (G), qui est traduite ici en français pour la première fois – accompagnée d’extraits des rédactions ultérieures grâce auxquels le lecteur pourra apprécier comment la légende d’Ésope a été progressivement assagie par les remanieurs.
Fables, Greek --- Authors, Greek --- Fables grecques --- Ecrivains grecs --- History and criticism. --- Biography. --- Histoire et critique --- Biographie --- Life of Aesop. --- Aesop's fables. --- Classical Greek literature --- Critical edition --- Aesop. --- Critical edition. --- History and criticism --- Aesopus --- Ezop --- Esop --- Esopo --- Esope --- Aisōpos --- Esopus --- Ezovbos --- Ezopos --- Īcāp --- Isop --- אזוף --- אזופוס --- איסופוס --- עזאפ --- イソップ --- 伊索 --- Aesop --- Aesopi --- Äsop --- Acqui 2006
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This volume is an examination of the origins, characteristics and performance of employee-owned firms. It focuses on firms that have converted to either partial or full employee ownership using recent institutional, fiscal and legal innovations. Based on five years of empirical research, this is a topical contribution to recent debates on the challenging nature of employment.
Employee ownership --- -Management --- -Stock ownership --- -Corporate ownership --- Corporations --- Ownership of stock --- Property --- Administration --- Industrial relations --- Organization --- Buyouts, Worker --- Economic democracy --- Employee stock purchase plans --- ESOP (Employee stock ownership plans) --- Ownership, Employee --- Stock ownership for employees --- Stock purchase plans, Employee --- Worker buyouts --- Workers' control --- Incentives in industry --- Stock ownership --- Management --- Employee participation --- -Ownership --- Corporate ownership --- Ownership --- E-books
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Employment-Related Securities and Unlisted Companies is written with mainly private or unlisted companies in mind and explains in depth how the employment related securities ('ERS') rules in ITEPA 2003, Part 7 apply to employee share acquisitions generally, including:Securities as earningsRestricted or convertible securitiesSecurities acquired for less than market valueSecurities disposed of for more than their market valuePost-acquisition benefits connected with securitiesSecurities acquired under optionsThe book also explores employee share acquisitions through various means, the relevant capital gains tax rules and corporation tax relief for employee share acquisitions. Basic share valuation methodology is discussed and though PAYE and NICs do not apply generally to unlisted company shares/securities, they may apply where a market exists for the securities or on the occurrence of events related to ERS. Lastly, the compliance requirements with regard to online registration of schemes, annual returns, penalties etc, are also featured.
Employee ownership --- Buyouts, Worker --- Economic democracy --- Employee stock purchase plans --- ESOP (Employee stock ownership plans) --- Ownership, Employee --- Stock ownership for employees --- Stock purchase plans, Employee --- Worker buyouts --- Workers' control --- Incentives in industry --- Stock ownership --- Management --- Taxation --- Law and legislation --- Employee participation
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Management --- Employee ownership --- Producer cooperatives --- Employee participation --- Cooperative production --- Production, Cooperative --- Production cooperatives --- Worker cooperatives --- Cooperation --- Cooperative societies --- Profit-sharing --- Buyouts, Worker --- Economic democracy --- Employee stock purchase plans --- ESOP (Employee stock ownership plans) --- Ownership, Employee --- Stock ownership for employees --- Stock purchase plans, Employee --- Worker buyouts --- Workers' control --- Incentives in industry --- Stock ownership --- Administration --- Industrial relations --- Organization
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Employee ownership --- Employee stock options --- Management --- Employee ownership. --- Employee stock options. --- Employee participation --- Employee participation. --- Buyouts, Worker --- Economic democracy --- Employee stock purchase plans --- ESOP (Employee stock ownership plans) --- Ownership, Employee --- Stock ownership for employees --- Stock purchase plans, Employee --- Worker buyouts --- Workers' control --- Incentives in industry --- Stock ownership --- Administration --- Industrial relations --- Organization --- ESOP (Employee stock option plans) --- Options, Employee stock --- Employee fringe benefits --- Stock options --- Autogestion (Employee self-management) --- Codetermination, Worker --- Consultative management --- Employee involvement in management --- Employee participation in management --- Employees' representation in management --- Industrial democracy --- Labor participation in management --- Participative management --- Participatory management --- Self-management by employees --- Worker codetermination --- Worker participation in management --- Worker self-management --- Workers' participation in management --- Workers' self-management --- Producer cooperatives
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Profit-sharing --- Labor laws and legislation --- Participation aux bénéfices --- Travail --- Droit --- Employee ownership --- Management --- Law and legislation --- Employee participation --- Participation aux bénéfices --- Administration --- Industrial relations --- Organization --- Buyouts, Worker --- Economic democracy --- Employee stock purchase plans --- ESOP (Employee stock ownership plans) --- Ownership, Employee --- Stock ownership for employees --- Stock purchase plans, Employee --- Worker buyouts --- Workers' control --- Incentives in industry --- Stock ownership --- Employee ownership - Law and legislation - Belgium. --- Management - Employee participation - Law and legislation - Belgium.
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