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Book
Greed and Grievance in Civil War
Authors: ---
Year: 1999 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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Abstract

May 2000 - Of the 27 major armed conflicts that occurred in 1999, all but two took place within national boundaries. As an impediment to development, internal rebellion especially hurts the world's poorest countries. What motivates civil wars? Greed or grievance? Collier and Hoeffler compare two contrasting motivations for rebellion: greed and grievance. Most rebellions are ostensibly in pursuit of a cause, supported by a narrative of grievance. But since grievance assuagement through rebellion is a public good that a government will not supply, economists predict such rebellions would be rare. Empirically, many rebellions appear to be linked to the capture of resources (such as diamonds in Angola and Sierra Leone, drugs in Colombia, and timber in Cambodia). Collier and Hoeffler set up a simple rational choice model of greed-rebellion and contrast its predictions with those of a simple grievance model. Some countries return to conflict repeatedly. Are they conflict-prone or is there a feedback effect whereby conflict generates grievance, which in turn generates further conflict? The authors show why such a feedback effect might be present in both greed-motivated and grievance rebellions. The authors' results contrast with conventional beliefs about the causes of conflict. A stylized version of conventional beliefs would be that grievance begets conflict, which begets grievance, which begets further conflict. With such a model, the only point at which to intervene is to reduce the level of objective grievance. Collier and Hoeffler's model suggests that what actually happens is that opportunities for predation (controlling primary commodity exports) cause conflict and the grievances this generates induce dias-poras to finance further conflict. The point of policy intervention here is to reduce the absolute and relative attraction of primary commodity predation and to reduce the ability of diasporas to fund rebel movements. This paper - a product of the Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study civil war and criminal violence. For more on this effort, go to www.worldbank.org/research/conflict. Paul Collier may be contacted at pcollier@worldbank.org


Book
Settling for less : why states colonize and why they stop
Author:
ISBN: 9780691237824 0691237824 Year: 2023 Publisher: Princeton, N. J. : Princeton University Press,

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"Why countries colonize the lands of indigenous people Over the past few centuries, vast areas of the world have been violently colonized by settlers. But why did states like Australia and the United States stop settling frontier lands during the twentieth century? At the same time, why did states loudly committed to decolonization like Indonesia and China start settling the lands of such minorities as the West Papuans and Uyghurs? Settling for Less traces this bewildering historical reversal, explaining when and why indigenous peoples suffer displacement at the hands of settlers. Lachlan McNamee challenges the notion that settler colonialism can be explained by economics or racial ideologies. He tells a more complex story about state building and the conflicts of interest between indigenous peoples, states, and settlers. Drawing from a rich array of historical evidence, McNamee shows that states generally colonize frontier areas in response to security concerns. Elite schemes to populate contested frontiers with loyal settlers, however, often fail. As societies grow wealthier and cities increasingly become magnets for migration, states ultimately lose the power to settle frontier lands.Settling for Less uncovers the internal dynamics of settler colonialism and the diminishing power of colonizers in a rapidly urbanizing world. Contrasting successful and failed colonization projects in Australia, Indonesia, China, and beyond, this book demonstrates that economic development-by thwarting colonization-has proven a powerful force for indigenous self-determination"-- "Over the past few centuries, vast areas of the world have been violently colonized by settlers. But why did states like Australia and the United States stop settling frontier lands during the twentieth century? At the same time, why did states loudly committed to decolonization like Indonesia and China start settling the lands of such minorities as the West Papuans and Uyghurs? Settling for Less traces this bewildering historical reversal, explaining when and why indigenous peoples suffer displacement at the hands of settlers. Lachlan McNamee challenges the notion that settler colonialism can be explained by economics or racial ideologies. He tells a more complex story about state building and the conflicts of interest between indigenous peoples, states, and settlers. Drawing from a rich array of historical evidence, McNamee shows that states generally colonize frontier areas in response to security concerns. Elite schemes to populate contested frontiers with loyal settlers, however, often fail. As societies grow wealthier and cities increasingly become magnets for migration, states ultimately lose the power to settle frontier lands. Settling for Less uncovers the internal dynamics of settler colonialism and the diminishing power of colonizers in a rapidly urbanizing world. Contrasting successful and failed colonization projects in Australia, Indonesia, China, and beyond, this book demonstrates that economic development-by thwarting colonization-has proven a powerful force for indigenous self-determination"--

Keywords

Decolonization --- Indigenous peoples --- Nation-building --- Colonization --- History --- Economic aspects --- Colonisation --- Imperialism --- Land settlement --- Colonies --- Emigration and immigration --- Stabilization and reconstruction (International relations) --- State-building --- Political development --- Ethnology --- Sovereignty --- Autonomy and independence movements --- Postcolonialism --- Abdication. --- Al Jazeera. --- Alfred Deakin. --- Anti-imperialism. --- Australia. --- Badajoz. --- Bandung Conference. --- Benny Wenda. --- Border zone. --- Capital accumulation. --- China. --- China–United States relations. --- Colonialism. --- Colonization. --- Conflation. --- Cook Islands. --- Cost. --- Court painter. --- Decimation (Roman army). --- Decolonization. --- Deportation. --- Ethnic cleansing. --- Ethnic group. --- Ethnic majority. --- European colonialism. --- Fatalism. --- Grasberg. --- Human migration. --- Ideology. --- Imperialism. --- Indigenous peoples. --- Indonesia. --- Indonesian National Armed Forces. --- Inference. --- Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. --- International Commission of Jurists. --- Islamic terrorism. --- Jayapura. --- Juan de Pareja. --- Karl Marx. --- Lebanese Civil War. --- Left-wing politics. --- Livery. --- Mainland Australia. --- Makassar. --- Maslow's hierarchy of needs. --- Medina del Campo. --- Melanesians. --- Merauke. --- Merdeka. --- Metonymy. --- Metropole. --- Metzer. --- Military base. --- Minority group. --- Modernization theory. --- Nationalism. --- Natural experiment. --- Northern Australia. --- Northern Territory. --- North–South divide. --- Overskirt. --- Oxford University Press. --- Papua New Guinea. --- Paramount leader. --- Patrimonialism. --- Peace Now. --- Philippines. --- Philosophy of culture. --- Political status. --- Politics. --- Qiemo County. --- Republics of the Soviet Union. --- Residence. --- Reuters. --- Rhodesia. --- Rwandan Civil War. --- Settler colonialism. --- Sino-Soviet relations. --- Sino-Soviet split. --- Sorong (city). --- Sovereignty. --- Soviet Union. --- Statistical significance. --- Straits Settlements. --- Sukarno. --- Tarim Basin. --- Tashkent. --- The Japan Times. --- Theory and Practice. --- Tokelau. --- University of Hawaii Press. --- Vladimir Putin. --- West Papua (province). --- White movement. --- World War II. --- Writing. --- Xinjiang. --- Yearbook. --- Zionism.

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