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This book contains important technical innovations, including comparative measures for the testable content, depth, and unity of scientific theories.Originally published in 1984.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Science --- Skepticism --- Rationalism --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Philosophy --- -Skepticism --- Scepticism --- Unbelief --- Agnosticism --- Belief and doubt --- Free thought --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Religion --- Deism --- Realism --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Psychology --- Knowledge, Theory of. --- Rationalism. --- Skepticism. --- Philosophy. --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- wetenschap --- filosofie --- maatschappijkritiek --- Science - Philosophy --- A priori and a posteriori. --- A priori probability. --- Ad hoc. --- Ad hominem. --- Agnosticism. --- Almost surely. --- Analytic–synthetic distinction. --- Anti-realism. --- Antireductionism. --- Asymmetry. --- Atomism. --- Axiom. --- Bayesian probability. --- Bayesian statistics. --- Bayesian. --- Begging the question. --- Certainty. --- Circular reasoning. --- Classical logic. --- Classical physics. --- Contradiction. --- David Hume. --- Deductive reasoning. --- Deductive-nomological model. --- Determinism. --- Dialectician. --- Edmund Husserl. --- Explanation. --- Explanatory power. --- Extrapolation. --- Fair coin. --- Fallibilism. --- Falsifiability. --- Falsity. --- Fideism. --- First principle. --- Form of life (philosophy). --- Free parameter. --- Good and evil. --- Hilary Putnam. --- Holism. --- Hypothesis. --- Idealism. --- Impenetrability. --- Inductive reasoning. --- Inductivism. --- Inference. --- Infinite regress. --- Instance (computer science). --- Is–ought problem. --- J. L. Austin. --- Logical reasoning. --- Lottery paradox. --- Magical thinking. --- Materialism. --- Michael Polanyi. --- Modern physics. --- Modus tollens. --- Mutual exclusivity. --- Neutral monism. --- Occam's razor. --- Ontology. --- Ordinary language philosophy. --- Ought implies can. --- Paradox. --- Persuasive definition. --- Phenomenalism. --- Philosopher. --- Phrenology. --- Possible world. --- Posterior probability. --- Pre-established harmony. --- Prediction. --- Predictive power. --- Premise. --- Probabilism. --- Probability. --- Problem of induction. --- Pseudoscience. --- Pyrrhonism. --- Rationality. --- Reality. --- Reason. --- Received view. --- Reductionism. --- Relativism. --- Requirement. --- Richard Jeffrey. --- Scientific realism. --- Scientific theory. --- Sensationalism. --- Suggestion. --- Tautology (rhetoric). --- Testability. --- Theory. --- Transcendental arguments. --- Truism. --- Verisimilitude. --- Wrong direction.

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At the heart of human intelligence rests a fundamental puzzle: How are we incredibly smart and stupid at the same time? No existing machine can match the power and flexibility of human perception, language, and reasoning. Yet, we routinely commit errors that reveal the failures of our thought processes. 'What Makes Us Smart' makes sense of this paradox by arguing that our cognitive errors are not haphazard. Rather, they are the inevitable consequences of a brain optimized for efficient inference and decision making within the constraints of time, energy, and memory - in other words, data and resource limitations. Framing human intelligence in terms of these constraints, Samuel Gershman shows how a deeper computational logic underpins the 'stupid' errors of human cognition.

Cognition --- Cognitive psychology. --- Age factors. --- Psychology, Cognitive --- Cognitive science --- Psychology --- Age factors in cognition --- Ability, Influence of age on --- Cognition. --- Intellect. --- Human intelligence --- Intelligence --- Mind --- Ability --- Thought and thinking --- Accuracy and precision. --- Action potential. --- Ad hoc hypothesis. --- Ad hominem. --- Adaptive bias. --- Almost surely. --- Alternative hypothesis. --- Altruism. --- Ambiguity. --- Analogy. --- Anecdote. --- Approximation. --- Attractiveness. --- Bayes' theorem. --- Bayesian inference. --- Bayesian probability. --- Bayesian. --- Behavior. --- Circular reasoning. --- Cognitive flexibility. --- Cognitive style. --- Commitment device. --- Confidence. --- Confirmation bias. --- Conspiracy theory. --- Controllability. --- Counterintuitive. --- Credibility. --- Decision-making. --- Effectiveness. --- Efficacy. --- Efficiency. --- Efficient coding hypothesis. --- Efficient frontier. --- Estimation. --- Expected value. --- Explanation. --- Fair coin. --- Fair market value. --- Gimmick. --- Guessing. --- Heuristic. --- Hot Hand. --- Human intelligence. --- Hypothesis. --- Illusion of control. --- Inductive bias. --- Inference. --- Intelligent design. --- Learnability. --- Lightness (philosophy). --- Likelihood function. --- Logical extreme. --- Logical reasoning. --- Moral hazard. --- Motivated reasoning. --- Mutual exclusivity. --- Natural approach. --- Normative. --- Observation. --- Observational learning. --- Of Miracles. --- Opportunity cost. --- Optimism bias. --- Optimism. --- Our Choice. --- Pairwise comparison. --- Perfect rationality. --- Physical attractiveness. --- Point estimation. --- Politeness. --- Positive feedback. --- Predictability. --- Prediction. --- Predictive coding. --- Predictive power. --- Principle of rationality. --- Prior probability. --- Probability. --- Prosocial behavior. --- Quantity. --- Rational agent. --- Rational choice theory. --- Rationality. --- Reason. --- Reinforcement learning. --- Result. --- Self-control. --- Sophistication. --- Spontaneous recovery. --- Strong inference. --- Suggestion. --- Theory. --- Thought. --- Truth value. --- Uncertainty. --- Utility. --- Value of information. --- With high probability. --- PSYCHOLOGY / Cognitive Psychology & Cognition --- COMPUTERS / Logic Design