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Horses --- Forelimb --- Foot --- Magnetic resonance imaging --- veterinary

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Horses --- Forelimb --- Sesamoid bones --- Magnetic resonance imaging --- Foot --- Anatomy and histology --- Veterinary --- Ultrasonography

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Horses --- Fascia --- Forelimb --- Cheval --- Fascia --- Membres --- anatomy & histology. --- anatomy & histology. --- anatomy & histology. --- Anatomie. --- Anatomie. --- Anatomie.

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From airplanes to birds, the phenomenon of flight has always amazed and mystified humans. Therefore, it is unsurprising that scientists have invested a substantial amount of research into unraveling the secrets of flight evolution. Over the course of the past decade, the science of flight evolution has recently experienced a research renaissance, most of the information has been confined to the ivory tower of academia. In On the Wing, David Alexander delves into the evolution of flight in each of the four animal groups that evolved powered flight: insects, pterosaurs, birds, and bats. Alexander presents and compares each group's evolutionary history, including diversification and partial or complete extinction, especially as related to flight. The evolution of flight in animals is fascinating story riddled with scientific controversy and colorful characters, from the incredible Archaeopteryx to the recently-discovered feathered dinosaur Microraptor. Chapter topics include aerodynamics, comparisons and contrasts among the powered flyers, and the ultimate evolution away from flight. Alexander even examines the surprisingly diverse group of gliding animals, including squirrels, snakes, and ants. Through rigorous yet accessible writing, Alexander offers a comprehensive and engaging account of the evolution of flight, from dinosaurs to modern birds. On the Wing will delight and inform everyone from bird lovers to dinosaur enthusiasts, and offers key insights into the perpetual mystery of flight. -- Provided by publisher. "On the Wing is the first book to take a comprehensive look at the evolution of flight in all four groups of powered flyers: insects, pterosaurs, birds, and bats."--Book jacket.

Animal flight --- Wings (Anatomy) --- Vol animal. --- Aile (anatomie) --- Evolution --- Animal flying --- Animals --- Flight in animals --- Animal locomotion --- Flight --- Wing (Anatomy) --- Wings --- Forelimb

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Methods for Obtaining X-Ray Diffraction Patterns from Drosophila 198 Diffraction Patterns from Drosophila IFM 203 Concluding Remarks 211 Note Added in Proof 211 17. Functional and Ecological Effects of Isoform Variation in Insect Flight Muscle 214 James H. Marden Abstract 214 Introduction 215 Nature's Versatile Engine 215 The Underlying Genetics: An Underinflated Genome and a Hyperinflated Transcriptome and Proteome 216 Functional Effects of Isoform Variation 219 Alternative Splicing and the Generation of Combinatorial Complexity 220 Functional Consequences of Naturally Occurring Isoform Variation 220 18. Muscle Systems Design and Integration 230 Fritz- OlafLehmann Abstract 230 Power Requirements for Flight 230 Power Reduction 233 Power Constraints on Steering Capacity 234 Balancing Power and Control 236 Changes in Muscle Efficiency in Vivo 238 Concluding Remarks 239 From the Inside Out 19. Molecular Assays for Acto-Myosin Interactions 242 John C. Sparrow and Michael A. Geeves Abstract 242 Introduction 242 Myosin Purification and Preparation of the SI Fragment 243 Purification of Flight Muscle Actin 244 Assays of Myosin and Acto-Myosin 244 Major Conclusions Relating to the Enzymatic Properties of Insect Flight Muscle Acto-Myosin 247 Major Questions about Insect Flight Muscle Acto-Myosin Kinetics That Remain 249 20.

Insects --- Wings (Anatomy) --- Flight --- Physiological aspects. --- Muscles --- Physiology. --- Wing (Anatomy) --- Wings --- Forelimb --- Animal flight --- Zoology. --- Animal physiology. --- Biochemistry. --- Cytology. --- Animal genetics. --- Animal Physiology. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Cell Biology. --- Animal Genetics and Genomics. --- Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics. --- Genetics --- Cell biology --- Cellular biology --- Biology --- Cells --- Cytologists --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Anatomy --- Natural history --- Composition --- Physiology --- Cell biology. --- Biophysics. --- Biological physics. --- Biological physics --- Physics