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Savoir-vivre --- Formules de politesse

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Politeness (Linguistics) --- Interpersonal relations --- Language and culture --- Formules de politesse

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Russe (langue) --- Roman russe --- Formules de politesse --- Formes allocutoires --- Sociologie --- 19e siècle --- Thèmes, motifs

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Why do people take offence at things that are said? What is it exactly about an offending utterance which causes this negative reaction? How well motivated is the response to the offence? Offensive Language addresses these questions by applying an array of concepts from linguistic pragmatics and sociolinguistics to a wide range of examples, from TV to Twitter and from Mel Gibson to Donald Trump. Establishing a sharp distinction between potential offence and actual offence, Jim O'Driscoll then examines a series of case studies where offence has been caused, assessing the nature and degree of both the offence and the documented response to it. Through close linguistic analysis, this book explores the fine line between free speech and criminal activity, searching for a principled way to distinguish the merely embarrassing from the reprehensible and the censurable. In this way, a new approach to offensive language emerges, involving both how we study it and how it might be handled in public life.

Tabous linguistiques. --- Savoir-vivre. --- Obscénité. --- Mots grossiers. --- Formules de politesse. --- Jurons. --- Mots obscènes. --- Obscene words. --- Politeness (Linguistics). --- Swearing. --- Taboo, Linguistic. --- Tabou (Linguistique).

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For a speaker of German the tone of personal interaction is set by his or her choice of address pronoun. Relationships are both created and reflected in the use of du or Sie in conversation. The Emergence of German Polite 'Sie' uncovers the sociocultural and cognitive linguistic strategies that originally brought the third person plural Sie address into the German language some three hundred years ago. Although a widely proposed explanation derives Sie from anaphora for plural abstractions of address like Euer Gnaden (Your Graces) empirical corpus analysis of historical texts does not bear this hypothesis out. Based on some 1'500 tokens of High and Low German usage from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century and collected from original unedited sources, this study concludes that third person plural morphology was motivated by much broader conceptual metaphors and metonymies for sociopolitical power, pragmatic indirectness, and social discourse in early modern German-language communities.

Allemand (langue) --- Sie (le mot allemand) --- German language --- Sie (The German word) --- Aspect social --- Formules de politesse --- Histoire --- Address, Forms of --- History --- Social aspects --- Ashkenazic German language --- Hochdeutsch --- Judaeo-German language (German) --- Judendeutsch language --- Judeo-German language (German) --- Jüdisch-Deutsch language --- Jüdischdeutsch language --- Germanic languages --- Etymology --- Aspect social. --- Formules de politesse. --- Histoire.