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Free trade --- Libre-échange --- Libre-échange --- Free trade - European Union countries.

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Non-tariff trade barriers --- Free trade --- Non-tariff trade barriers - European Union countries. --- Free trade - European Union countries.

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The book's aim is to consider the impact that the introduction and development of the status of Union citizenship has had on the interpretation of the EU's market freedoms. Starting by providing, in its introductory part (part one), a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the status of Union citizenship and its development from 1998 onwards, the book proceeds in part two to provide an in-depth examination of the relationship between this status and the Union's market freedoms. The central argument of the book is that, as a result of the move towards the creation of a meaningful status of Union citizenship, the market freedoms have been reconceptualised as fundamental, Union citizenship, rights and their interpretation has adapted accordingly. Part three of the book analyses the result of this process of transforming the market freedoms into sources of fundamental, Union citizenship, rights and considers where it is likely to lead in the future. It demonstrates that, despite the fact that this development appears to be the next natural step in the process of constructing a meaningful notion of Union citizenship, it brings with it a number of issues that the EU will have to consider and carefully address. In particular, the method which the Court seems, up until now, to have employed to facilitate the metamorphosis of the market freedoms into citizenship rights, has led to criticisms on the grounds of legitimacy and coherence and will, undoubtedly, lead to further problems in the future. Hence part three of the book also identifies the difficulties that may emerge as a result of this process and suggests ways in which they may be overcome

Economic law --- European Union --- Citizenship --- Free trade --- Capitalism --- Citizenship - European Union countries --- Free trade - European Union countries --- Capitalism - European Union countries

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This paper retraces the Communities external liberalisation efforts, and discusses, where relevant, the repercussions of internal liberalisation on foreign competitors. The aim of the paper is to clarify, and when feasible, to quantify the economic effects of the EU’s trade policies. To this end, it provides an overview of past liberalisation efforts, reviews trade indicators in international comparison and lays out the future trade agenda of the Community. The empirical evidence provided in the paper points to little evidence for trade diversion due to integration in Europe, while trade is likely to have boosted area-wide income significantly. It is openness in general, rather than regional integration, that has favoured growth in Europe ...

European Union countries -- Commercial policy. --- European Union countries -- Foreign economic relations. --- Free trade -- European Union countries. --- Free trade --- European Union countries --- Foreign economic relations. --- Commercial policy.

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Agriculture and state --- Agriculture --- Free trade --- Economic aspects --- World Trade Organization --- World Trade Organization. --- Agriculture and state - European Union countries --- Agriculture - Economic aspects - European Union countries --- Free trade - European Union countries