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This Test guideline describes the Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC). This method permits to determine the molecular weight distribution and the average molecular weights (Mn, Mw). GPC is a special type of liquid chromatography in which the sample is separated according to the hydrodynamic volumes of the individual constituents. Low molecular weight is arbitrarily defined as a molecular weight below 1000 dalton.According to their size, the eluted molecules can or not penetrate in the porous material (typically an organic gel) of which the columns are filled. Thus, the smallest molecules are retained whereas largest elute more quickly. At exit of column, detectors (generally by differential refractometry) provide the refractive index or UV-absorption and yield a simple distribution curve. However, to attribute actual molecular weight values to the curve, it is necessary to calibrate the column by passing down polymers of known molecular weight and, ideally, of broadly similar structure, e.g. various polystyrene standards. For each sample analyzed, two independent experiments must be undertaken.

Environment --- Molecular weights --- Freezing points of solutions --- Atomic weights --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Cryoscopy

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Polymers --- Molecular weights --- Distribution (Probability theory) --- 678.01 --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization --- Macromolecules --- Freezing points of solutions --- Atomic weights --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Cryoscopy --- Distribution functions --- Frequency distribution --- Characteristic functions --- Probabilities --- Properties. Defects. Constitution. Serviceability. Sampling. Analysis. Testing --- 678.01 Properties. Defects. Constitution. Serviceability. Sampling. Analysis. Testing

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Mass spectrometry --- Molecular weights --- #WSCH:MONO --- 543.51 <083> --- Freezing points of solutions --- Atomic weights --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Cryoscopy --- 543.51 <083> Positive ray analysis. Mass spectrometry--Tabellen. Lijsten. Indices --(niet-bibliografische) --- Positive ray analysis. Mass spectrometry--Tabellen. Lijsten. Indices --(niet-bibliografische) --- Tables --- Spectrometric and optical chemical analysis --- Organic spectroscopy --- fysicochemie

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Provides a necessary bridge between the values of engineering end-use parameters of polyethylene resins and their scientific molecular and structural characteristics. The main goal is to translate common parameters, such as the melt index of a resin or the dart impact strength of a film sample, into the universal language of polymer science.

Gums and resins, Synthetic. --- Molecular weights. --- Polyethylene. --- Crinothene --- Polythene --- Ethylene --- Thermoplastics --- Freezing points of solutions --- Atomic weights --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Cryoscopy --- Artificial resins --- Gums and resins, Artificial --- Resins, Synthetic --- Synthetic resins --- Protective coatings --- Synthetic products --- Synthetic gums and resins industry

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678.01:541.24 <063> --- 541.24 --- 541.64 --- Molecular weights --- -Polymers --- -Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization --- Macromolecules --- Freezing points of solutions --- Atomic weights --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Cryoscopy --- Properties. Defects. Constitution. Serviceability. Sampling. Analysis. Testing-:-Relative molar mass (molecular weight)--Congressen --- Relative molar mass (molecular weight) --- Macromolecular chemistry. Polymerization products. Polycondensation products. Polyaddition products --- Measurement --- -Congresses --- Congresses --- Polymers --- Congresses. --- -Properties. Defects. Constitution. Serviceability. Sampling. Analysis. Testing-:-Relative molar mass (molecular weight)--Congressen --- 541.64 Macromolecular chemistry. Polymerization products. Polycondensation products. Polyaddition products --- 541.24 Relative molar mass (molecular weight) --- 678.01:541.24 <063> Properties. Defects. Constitution. Serviceability. Sampling. Analysis. Testing-:-Relative molar mass (molecular weight)--Congressen --- -541.64 Macromolecular chemistry. Polymerization products. Polycondensation products. Polyaddition products --- Polymere --- Measurement&delete& --- Gel permeation chromatography. --- Light --- Scattering. --- Chromatography --- Molecular weight --- Physical property