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The essential introduction to magnetic reconnection—written by a leading pioneer of the fieldPlasmas comprise more than 99 percent of the visible universe; and, wherever plasmas are, magnetic reconnection occurs. In this common and yet incompletely understood physical process, oppositely directed magnetic fields in a plasma meet, break, and then reconnect, converting the huge amounts of energy stored in magnetic fields into kinetic and thermal energy. In Magnetic Reconnection, Masaaki Yamada offers an illuminating synthesis of modern research and advances on this important topic. Magnetic reconnection produces such phenomena as solar flares and the northern lights, and occurs in nuclear fusion devices. A better understanding of this crucial cosmic activity is essential to comprehending the universe and varied technological applications, such as satellite communications. Most of our knowledge of magnetic reconnection comes from theoretical and computational models and laboratory experiments, but space missions launched in recent years have added up-close observation and measurements to researchers’ tools. Describing the fundamental physics of magnetic reconnection, Yamada connects the theory with the latest results from laboratory experiments and space-based observations, including the Magnetic Reconnection Experiment (MRX) and the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission. He concludes by considering outstanding problems and laying out a road map for future research.Aimed at advanced graduate students and researchers in plasma astrophysics, solar physics, and space physics, Magnetic Reconnection provides cutting-edge information vital area of scientific investigation.

Magnetic reconnection. --- SCIENCE / Physics / Magnetism. --- Acceleration. --- Accretion disk. --- Ampere. --- Annihilation. --- Astrophysical plasma. --- Astrophysics. --- Bremsstrahlung. --- Collision frequency. --- Collisionality. --- Coronal loop. --- Coronal mass ejection. --- Coulomb collision. --- Current density. --- Current sheet. --- Cyclotron. --- Debye length. --- Diffusion layer. --- Dissipation. --- Drift velocity. --- Dynamo theory. --- Electric field. --- Electrical resistivity and conductivity. --- Electron temperature. --- Electrostatics. --- Energy transformation. --- Experimental physics. --- Fermi acceleration. --- Feynman diagram. --- Field effect (semiconductor). --- Field line. --- Fine structure. --- Flux tube. --- Fusion power. --- Gauge theory. --- Gyroradius. --- Hall effect. --- Inductance. --- Induction equation. --- Instability. --- Interferometry. --- Ion acoustic wave. --- Ionization. --- Kinetic theory of gases. --- Kink instability. --- Landau damping. --- Langmuir probe. --- Length scale. --- Lorentz force. --- Madison Symmetric Torus. --- Magnetar. --- Magnetic confinement fusion. --- Magnetic diffusivity. --- Magnetic dipole. --- Magnetic energy. --- Magnetic field. --- Magnetic flux. --- Magnetic helicity. --- Magnetization. --- Magnetohydrodynamics. --- Magnetopause. --- Magnetosheath. --- Magnetosonic wave. --- Magnetosphere. --- Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. --- Mean free path. --- Momentum transfer. --- Neutral beam injection. --- Nonlinear optics. --- Nuclear fusion. --- Paramagnetism. --- Particle physics. --- Pitch angle (particle motion). --- Plasma (physics). --- Plasma acceleration. --- Plasma oscillation. --- Plasma parameter. --- Plasma parameters. --- Plasma stability. --- Plasmoid. --- Quadrupole. --- Relativistic plasma. --- Reversed field pinch. --- Safety factor (plasma physics). --- Scattering. --- Skin effect. --- Solar flare. --- Spacecraft. --- Spatial scale. --- Spheromak. --- Stark effect. --- Substorm. --- Synchrotron radiation. --- Thermodynamic equilibrium. --- Thomson scattering. --- Tokamak. --- Two-dimensional space. --- Van Allen radiation belt. --- Weibel instability. --- X-ray. --- Annihilation, Magnetic field --- Magnetic field annihilation --- Magnetic field line merging --- Merging, Magnetic field line --- Reconnection, Magnetic --- Reconnection (Astronomy) --- Astrophysics --- Geophysics --- Magnetic fields

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A provocative and inspiring look at the future of humanity and science from world-renowned scientist and bestselling author Martin ReesHumanity has reached a critical moment. Our world is unsettled and rapidly changing, and we face existential risks over the next century. Various outcomes-good and bad-are possible. Yet our approach to the future is characterized by short-term thinking, polarizing debates, alarmist rhetoric, and pessimism. In this short, exhilarating book, renowned scientist and bestselling author Martin Rees argues that humanity's prospects depend on our taking a very different approach to planning for tomorrow.The future of humanity is bound to the future of science and hinges on how successfully we harness technological advances to address our challenges. If we are to use science to solve our problems while avoiding its dystopian risks, we must think rationally, globally, collectively, and optimistically about the long term. Advances in biotechnology, cybertechnology, robotics, and artificial intelligence-if pursued and applied wisely-could empower us to boost the developing and developed world and overcome the threats humanity faces on Earth, from climate change to nuclear war. At the same time, further advances in space science will allow humans to explore the solar system and beyond with robots and AI. But there is no "Plan B" for Earth-no viable alternative within reach if we do not care for our home planet.Rich with fascinating insights into cutting-edge science and technology, this accessible book will captivate anyone who wants to understand the critical issues that will define the future of humanity on Earth and beyond.

Technology --- Science --- Social aspects. --- Social aspects. --- Adaptation to global warming. --- Andrei Linde. --- Anthropocene. --- Astronomer. --- Astronomy. --- Biotechnology. --- Blue Origin. --- Boston Dynamics. --- Breakthrough Listen. --- Breeder reactor. --- Calculation. --- Carbon. --- Carl Sagan. --- Climate change. --- Climate sensitivity. --- Credential. --- Cryonics. --- David Deutsch. --- Didier Queloz. --- Disaster. --- Dystopia. --- E. O. Wilson. --- Edward Teller. --- Electric charge. --- Elon Musk. --- Eugene Wigner. --- Eugenics. --- Exoplanet. --- Extended family. --- Externality. --- Extraterrestrial life. --- Fossil fuel. --- Frank Drake. --- Frank Wilczek. --- Frequency allocation. --- Fruition. --- Fuel. --- Fusion power. --- Future Evolution. --- Gene. --- Geologist. --- Golden rice. --- Great Leap Forward. --- Handbook. --- Hans Bethe. --- Human spaceflight. --- Hyperloop. --- Impact event. --- Instance (computer science). --- Intelligence explosion. --- Interstellar travel. --- John F. Kennedy. --- Joseph Rotblat. --- Life extension. --- Ludwig Wittgenstein. --- Lunar south pole. --- National Ignition Facility. --- Nobel Prize. --- Normal science. --- Nuclear power. --- Nuclear warfare. --- Nuclear weapon. --- Nuclear winter. --- One-child policy. --- Our Final Hour. --- Pale Blue Dot (book). --- Paul Dirac. --- Perplexity. --- Pfizer. --- Physicist. --- Pigment. --- Political agenda. --- Probability. --- Project Orion (nuclear propulsion). --- Radio telescope. --- Real Humans. --- Retirement age. --- Science. --- Scientist. --- Search for extraterrestrial intelligence. --- Second language. --- Self-interest. --- Solar cell. --- SpaceX. --- Spacecraft. --- Stuxnet. --- Technology. --- Test pilot. --- The Better Angels of Our Nature. --- The Philosopher. --- The Population Bomb. --- The Skeptical Environmentalist. --- Theoretical physics. --- Thought. --- Vasili Arkhipov. --- Vulnerability. --- Warfare. --- Waste heat. --- Year. --- Yuri Milner.