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L’objectif de cette étude est de générer un profil complet des composés organiques volatils émis par les couches jetables par la méthode de chromatographie gazeuse à deux dimensions couplées à la spectrométrie de masse à temps de vol (GC×GC-TOFMS) et d’identifier la contribution des différents composants dans le profil total des composés organiques émis.

VOC --- GC×GC-TOFMS --- Diaper --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Chimie

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The main aim of the research was to investigate the metabolites and lipids profiling of colorectal cancer serum. Therefore, the two specific sample preparation techniques tailored to analyze the metabolome and lipidome of serum using GC×GC-TOFMS were implemented to differentiate three groups (control, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma) of human serum samples. In order to develop a less invasive diagnostic method with a combined (lipidomics and metabolomics) data analysis approach. Metabolomics mainly focuses on hydrophilic classes, whereas lipidomics has emerged as independent omics due to the complexity of lipidomes. Lipidomics, or the
comprehensive analysis of lipids, is widely analyzed using liquid chromatography
(LC) mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. Chemical derivatization has the potential
to make at least some families of lipids more gas chromatography (GC)-amenable
by making the analyte more volatile and stable.

Lipidomics --- Metabolomics --- GC×GC–TOFMS --- Colorectal cancer --- Physique, chimie, mathématiques & sciences de la terre > Chimie

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Over the past ten years, metabolomics strategies have allowed the relative or absolute quantitation of metabolite levels for the study of various biological questions in plant sciences. For fruit studies, in particular, they have participated in the identification of the genes underpinning fruit development and ripening. This book proposes examples of the current use of metabolomics studies of fruit for basic research or practical applications. It includes articles about several tropical and temperate fruit species. The studies concern fruit biochemical phenotyping, fruit metabolism during development and after harvest, including primary and specialized metabolisms, or bioactive compounds involved in fruit growth and environmental responses. The analytical strategies used are based mostly on liquid or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, but also on nuclear magnetic resonance and near-infrared spectroscopy. The effect of genotype, stages of development, or fruit tissue type on metabolomic profiles and corresponding metabolism regulations are addressed for fruit metabolism studies. The interest in combining other omics with metabolomics is also exemplified.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Anacardium occidentale --- fast phenotyping --- NIR --- UPLC-HRMS --- chemometrics --- Capsicum frutescens L. --- non-targeted metabolomics --- secondary metabolism --- Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) --- mulberry --- high resolution mass spectrometry --- antioxidant activity --- in vitro gastrointestinal digestion --- α-glucosidase inhibitory activity --- cytokinin --- fruit expansion --- kiwifruit --- phytohormone --- tomato --- metabolomics --- biochemical phenotyping --- priming --- BABA --- Botrytis cinerea --- Phytophthora infestans --- Pseudomonas syringae --- fruit pigmentation --- introgression lines --- mass spectrometry --- San Marzano landrace --- Davidson’s plum --- finger lime --- native pepperberry --- antioxidant --- amino acids --- GC×GC-TOFMS --- UHPLC-QqQ-TOF-MS/MS --- bush fruit --- genetic resources --- melon --- genotype by sequencing --- elemental analysis --- metabolome --- Cucumis melo --- pineapple --- ripening --- non-climacteric --- lipophilic compounds --- lipid-related genes --- lipid metabolism --- fruit --- postharvest --- quality traits --- stress --- biomarkers --- polyphenolics --- solanaceous crops --- capsicum annuum --- pepper --- eggplant --- fruit ripening --- tissue-specificity --- flavonoid --- wine --- clones --- Vitis vinifera --- sensory analysis --- fruit metabolomics --- developmental metabolomics --- stress metabolomics --- spatial metabolomics --- central metabolism --- specialized metabolism --- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- omics --- multi-omics integration

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Over the past ten years, metabolomics strategies have allowed the relative or absolute quantitation of metabolite levels for the study of various biological questions in plant sciences. For fruit studies, in particular, they have participated in the identification of the genes underpinning fruit development and ripening. This book proposes examples of the current use of metabolomics studies of fruit for basic research or practical applications. It includes articles about several tropical and temperate fruit species. The studies concern fruit biochemical phenotyping, fruit metabolism during development and after harvest, including primary and specialized metabolisms, or bioactive compounds involved in fruit growth and environmental responses. The analytical strategies used are based mostly on liquid or gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, but also on nuclear magnetic resonance and near-infrared spectroscopy. The effect of genotype, stages of development, or fruit tissue type on metabolomic profiles and corresponding metabolism regulations are addressed for fruit metabolism studies. The interest in combining other omics with metabolomics is also exemplified.

Anacardium occidentale --- fast phenotyping --- NIR --- UPLC-HRMS --- chemometrics --- Capsicum frutescens L. --- non-targeted metabolomics --- secondary metabolism --- Liquid Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) --- mulberry --- high resolution mass spectrometry --- antioxidant activity --- in vitro gastrointestinal digestion --- α-glucosidase inhibitory activity --- cytokinin --- fruit expansion --- kiwifruit --- phytohormone --- tomato --- metabolomics --- biochemical phenotyping --- priming --- BABA --- Botrytis cinerea --- Phytophthora infestans --- Pseudomonas syringae --- fruit pigmentation --- introgression lines --- mass spectrometry --- San Marzano landrace --- Davidson’s plum --- finger lime --- native pepperberry --- antioxidant --- amino acids --- GC×GC-TOFMS --- UHPLC-QqQ-TOF-MS/MS --- bush fruit --- genetic resources --- melon --- genotype by sequencing --- elemental analysis --- metabolome --- Cucumis melo --- pineapple --- ripening --- non-climacteric --- lipophilic compounds --- lipid-related genes --- lipid metabolism --- fruit --- postharvest --- quality traits --- stress --- biomarkers --- polyphenolics --- solanaceous crops --- capsicum annuum --- pepper --- eggplant --- fruit ripening --- tissue-specificity --- flavonoid --- wine --- clones --- Vitis vinifera --- sensory analysis --- fruit metabolomics --- developmental metabolomics --- stress metabolomics --- spatial metabolomics --- central metabolism --- specialized metabolism --- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- omics --- multi-omics integration

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What is life? How, where, and when did life arise? These questions have remained most fascinating over the last hundred years. Systems chemistry is the way to go to better understand this problem and to try and answer the unsolved question regarding the origin of Life. Self-organization, thanks to the role of lipid boundaries, made possible the rise of protocells. The role of these boundaries is to separate and co-locate micro-environments, and make them spatially distinct; to protect and keep them at defined concentrations; and to enable a multitude of often competing and interfering biochemical reactions to occur simultaneously. The aim of this Special Issue is to summarize the latest discoveries in the field of the prebiotic chemistry of biomolecules, self-organization, protocells and the origin of life. In recent years, thousands of excellent reviews and articles have appeared in the literature and some breakthroughs have already been achieved. However, a great deal of work remains to be carried out. Beyond the borders of the traditional domains of scientific activity, the multidisciplinary character of the present Special Issue leaves space for anyone to creatively contribute to any aspect of these and related relevant topics. We hope that the presented works will be stimulating for a new generation of scientists that are taking their first steps in this fascinating field.

origin of life --- peptidyl-transferase center --- pseudo-symmetry --- proto-ribosome --- SymR --- emergence of biological systems --- RNA ligation --- dimerization --- standard genetic codes --- codon assignment --- tRNA --- aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase classes --- thiophene --- acetylene --- transition metal sulfides --- hydrothermal conditions --- early metabolism --- origin-of-life --- prebiotic chemistry --- protein–monosaccharide recognition --- protein–monosaccharide interactions --- FRET analysis --- glycocodon theory --- glucose oxidase --- Mars --- prebiotic chemical evolution --- early Earth --- astrobiology --- CHNOPS --- transition elements --- sample return --- exoplanets --- complex organic molecules --- astrochemistry --- interstellar medium --- molecular ices --- solid state --- protoplanetary disks --- star forming regions --- comets --- vesicles --- division --- urea–urease enzymatic reaction --- bending modulus --- budding --- ADE theory --- dynamic kinetic stability --- cognition --- chemical evolution --- systems chemistry --- metabolism --- network expansion simulation --- temperature --- thermodynamics --- protocell --- compartment --- solid interface --- lipid --- polymerization --- cyclic nucleotides --- autocatalytic set --- osmotic pressure --- cell division --- lipid membrane --- bistable reaction system --- template-directed RNA synthesis --- origin of genetic code --- time order of canonical amino acids --- proto-metabolism --- chirogenesis --- quartz --- amino acids --- radiation damage --- GC×GC-TOFMS --- origins of life --- prebiotic membranes --- protoamphiphiles --- metal ions --- hot springs --- N-acyl amino acid --- analogue conditions --- viroids --- ribozyviruses --- primordial replicators --- ribozymes --- bilayer structure --- molecular dynamics --- aggregation process --- selection --- evolution --- Fenton chemistry --- reduced phosphorus --- pyrophosphate --- chemical complexity --- minerals --- schreibersite --- olivine --- serpentinite --- ulexite --- n/a --- protein-monosaccharide recognition --- protein-monosaccharide interactions --- urea-urease enzymatic reaction