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Environmental abiotic stresses, such as extreme temperatures, drought, excess light, salinity, and nutrient deficiency, have detrimental effects on plant growth, development, and yield. Plants are equipped with various adaptation mechanisms to cope with such unfavorable conditions. Our understanding of plants’ abiotic stress responses is crucial to maintaining efficient plant productivity. This book on the responses of plants to environmental stresses is an attempt to find answers to several basic questions related to their adaptation and protective mechanisms against abiotic stresses. The following chapters of the book describe examples of plants’ protective strategies, which cover physiological, cellular, biochemical, and genomic mechanisms. This book is aimed for use by advanced students and researchers in the area of stress biology, plant molecular biology and physiology, agriculture, biochemistry, as well as environmental sciences.

Medicine --- Heterogeneous water stress --- Phyllostachys edulis --- Rhizome --- Vascular bundle --- Stress Signal --- Physiological characteristics --- isoprene --- ocimene --- heat stress --- water stress --- ramie (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich) --- transcriptome --- nitrogen deficiency --- resilience --- nitrogen-use efficiency --- eggplant --- heat shock factor --- gene family --- expression profile --- abiotic stress --- Malus. ‘Prairifire’ --- photosynthetic characteristics --- chlorophyll a fluorescence --- 2-dimensional electrophoresis --- diurnal regulation --- OsGI --- rice --- U-box E3 ligase --- barley --- ABC gene family --- gene expression --- alarm photosynthesis --- Antarctic --- oxalate oxidase --- Elymus sibiricus, seed aging --- isobaric tandem mass tag labeling --- reactive oxygen species --- parallel reaction monitoring --- Dendrobium catenatum --- superoxide dismutase (SOD) --- stresses --- antioxidative enzyme activity --- low pH --- proline --- protein --- wheat --- WRKY transcription factor --- gene structural characteristics --- regulatory mechanism --- drought --- salinity --- heat --- cold --- ultraviolet radiation --- rainfed --- irrigated --- Gossypium hirsutum --- antioxidant activity --- growth inhibition --- ion homeostasis --- salt stress --- rhizoboxes --- gaseous exchange --- sub-Saharan Africa --- root length density

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Overall, the 19 contributions in this Special Issue “Plant Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions” discuss the various aspects of salt stress responses in plants. It also discusses various mechanisms and approaches to conferring salt tolerance on plants. These types of research studies provide further directions in the development of crop plants for the saline environment in the era of climate change.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- CPA gene family --- RsNHX1 --- over-expression --- virus-induced gene silence --- salt resistance --- radish --- 14-3-3 gene family --- Triticum aestivum L. --- bioinformatics analysis --- salt tolerance --- protein-protein interactions --- Populus simonii × P. nigra --- PsnNAC036 --- transcription factor --- salt stress --- HT tolerance --- ion transport --- osmotic homeostasis --- hormone mediation --- cell wall regulation --- salt adaptation --- proteomics --- microtubules --- tubulin --- phenolic metabolites --- lemon balm --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- medicinal plants --- secondary metabolites --- abiotic elicitors --- salinity --- betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (BADH1) --- domestication --- cultivated rice --- wild rice --- Hordeum vulgare L. --- RNA-seq analysis --- differentially expressed genes --- tolerance --- candidate genes --- C3–CAM intermediate --- common ice plant --- Mesembryanthemum crystallinum --- osmotic stress --- abiotic stress --- antioxidant defense --- climate change --- hydrogen peroxide --- lipid peroxidation --- oxidative stress --- phytohormones --- stress signaling --- mulberry --- TMT proteomics --- phenylpropanoid metabolism --- apoplast --- functional screening --- Hordeum vulgare --- seedling --- halophyte species --- NADPH oxidases --- NOX --- respiratory burst oxidase homolog RBOH gene expression --- saline adaptations --- C2H2 zinc finger protein --- heterologous expression --- Millettia pinnata --- thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) --- bolTLP1 --- broccoli --- drought stress --- antioxidants --- carbohydrates --- carotenoids --- xanthophyll cycle --- osmoprotectants --- ROS-scavengers --- α-/γ-tocopherols --- quantitative trait locus (QTL) --- association analysis --- marker-assisted selection (MAS) --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase gene --- melatonin --- ROS --- ABA --- ion homeostasis --- amino acids --- Malus domestica --- calcium --- calcineurin B-like proteins --- Na+ accumulation --- n/a --- C3-CAM intermediate

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Overall, the 19 contributions in this Special Issue “Plant Responses and Tolerance to Salt Stress: Physiological and Molecular Interventions” discuss the various aspects of salt stress responses in plants. It also discusses various mechanisms and approaches to conferring salt tolerance on plants. These types of research studies provide further directions in the development of crop plants for the saline environment in the era of climate change.

CPA gene family --- RsNHX1 --- over-expression --- virus-induced gene silence --- salt resistance --- radish --- 14-3-3 gene family --- Triticum aestivum L. --- bioinformatics analysis --- salt tolerance --- protein-protein interactions --- Populus simonii × P. nigra --- PsnNAC036 --- transcription factor --- salt stress --- HT tolerance --- ion transport --- osmotic homeostasis --- hormone mediation --- cell wall regulation --- salt adaptation --- proteomics --- microtubules --- tubulin --- phenolic metabolites --- lemon balm --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- medicinal plants --- secondary metabolites --- abiotic elicitors --- salinity --- betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (BADH1) --- domestication --- cultivated rice --- wild rice --- Hordeum vulgare L. --- RNA-seq analysis --- differentially expressed genes --- tolerance --- candidate genes --- C3–CAM intermediate --- common ice plant --- Mesembryanthemum crystallinum --- osmotic stress --- abiotic stress --- antioxidant defense --- climate change --- hydrogen peroxide --- lipid peroxidation --- oxidative stress --- phytohormones --- stress signaling --- mulberry --- TMT proteomics --- phenylpropanoid metabolism --- apoplast --- functional screening --- Hordeum vulgare --- seedling --- halophyte species --- NADPH oxidases --- NOX --- respiratory burst oxidase homolog RBOH gene expression --- saline adaptations --- C2H2 zinc finger protein --- heterologous expression --- Millettia pinnata --- thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) --- bolTLP1 --- broccoli --- drought stress --- antioxidants --- carbohydrates --- carotenoids --- xanthophyll cycle --- osmoprotectants --- ROS-scavengers --- α-/γ-tocopherols --- quantitative trait locus (QTL) --- association analysis --- marker-assisted selection (MAS) --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase gene --- melatonin --- ROS --- ABA --- ion homeostasis --- amino acids --- Malus domestica --- calcium --- calcineurin B-like proteins --- Na+ accumulation --- n/a --- C3-CAM intermediate

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Transcriptional regulation is a critical biological process involved in the response of a cell, a tissue or an organism to a variety of intra- and extra-cellular signals. Besides, it controls the establishment and maintenance of cell identity throughout developmental and differentiation programs. This highly complex and dynamic process is orchestrated by a huge number of molecules and protein networks and occurs through multiple temporal and functional steps. Of note, many human disorders are characterized by misregulation of global transcription since most of the signaling pathways ultimately target components of transcription machinery. This book includes a selection of papers that illustrate recent advances in our understanding of transcriptional regulation and focuses on many important topics, from cis-regulatory elements to transcription factors, chromatin regulators and non-coding RNAs, other than several transcriptome studies and computational analyses.

transcription factor --- n/a --- transcription --- self-incompatibility --- cytogenetics --- epigenetics --- selenocysteine --- tea --- AP-2? --- nonsense-mediated decay --- transcriptomics --- Akt1 --- promoter --- cell metabolism --- pediveliger larvae --- Patau Syndrome --- tristetraprolin (TTP) --- long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) --- pregnancy --- G-quadruplex --- glioblastoma --- placenta --- PRDM gene family --- circRNA-disease associations --- bioadhesive --- gene expression --- Crassostrea gigas --- transcription regulation --- cell differentiation --- RNA interference --- transcriptome --- inflammatory response --- FOXO1 --- Adiponectin --- liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) --- selenium --- selenocysteine insertion sequence --- inflammation --- selenoproteins --- research methods --- nutritional status --- structures and functions --- CRISPR/Cas9 --- fertilization --- melanin --- differentially expressed genes --- tyrosinase --- posttranscriptional regulation --- major depressive disorder --- human malignancies --- pathway --- CDKN1C --- transcription factors --- p57Kip2 --- enhancer activity --- mouse --- disorders --- high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) --- TCGA data analysis --- RNA-seq --- heterogeneous network --- insect --- and drug design --- therapeutic targets --- mechanisms --- obesity --- Pacific oyster --- Rsh regulon --- common pathway --- Pax3 --- somatic mutations --- nutrition --- molecular docking --- bioinformatics --- interactome --- long non-coding RNAs --- transcriptional regulation --- Pteria penguin (Röding --- Adiponectin receptors --- transcriptome profiling --- 1798) --- N-acyl-l-homoserine lactone --- ppGpp --- tumorigenesis --- sphingomonads --- human --- disease --- adenosine and uridine-rich elements (AREs) --- progress and prospects --- miR-25-3p --- acute leukemia --- Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1 --- microscopy --- cancer --- molecular pathways --- causal inference --- Pteria penguin (Röding

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Abiotic stress represents the main constraint for agriculture, affecting plant growth and productivity worldwide. Yield losses in agriculture will be potentiated in the future by global warming, increasing contamination, and reduced availability of fertile land. The challenge for agriculture of the present and future is that of increasing the food supply for a continuously growing human population under environmental conditions that are deteriorating in many areas of the world. Minimizing the effects of diverse types of abiotic stresses represents a matter of general concern. Research on all topics related to abiotic stress tolerance, from understanding the stress response mechanisms of plants to developing cultivars and crops tolerant to stress, is a priority. This Special Issue is focused on the physiological and molecular characterization of crop resistance to abiotic stresses, including novel research, reviews, and opinion articles covering all aspects of the responses and mechanisms of plant tolerance to abiotic. Contributions on physiological, biochemical, and molecular studies of crop responses to abiotic stresses; the description and role of stress-responsive genes; marker-assisted screening of stress-tolerant genotypes; genetic engineering; and other biotechnological approaches to improve crop tolerance were considered.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- silicon --- strawberry --- total antioxidants --- drought --- stress responses --- arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) --- Rhizophagus clarus --- flood --- plants --- hormonal homeostasis --- physiological activity --- drought tolerance --- LEA --- Tevang 1 maize --- tobacco --- xylem vessel --- water stress --- root anatomy --- vegetable crops --- stomatal conductance --- canopy temperature --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- SPAD --- common buckwheat --- cotyledon --- root --- drought stress --- transcriptome analysis --- alfalfa --- evaluation --- growth --- heat stress --- physiological traits --- sodium azide --- okra --- waterlogging stress --- antioxidants --- gene expression --- salinity --- sodium --- potassium --- ion homeostasis-transport determinants --- CBL gene family --- Provitamin A --- maize --- morphological --- physiological --- biochemical --- β-carotene --- Capsicum annuum L. --- salt stress --- salicylic acid --- yeast --- proline --- pomegranate --- transcriptome --- tissue-specific --- signaling transduction pathways --- transcription factors --- ultrastructure --- osmotic stress --- wheat --- barley --- summer maize --- female panicle --- Abiotic stress --- climate change --- combined drought and heat stress --- genetic resources --- landrace accessions --- coated-urea fertilizer --- humic acid --- lignosulfonate --- natural polymers --- seaweed extract --- aquaporin --- Brassica rapa --- gas exchange parameters --- root hydraulic conductance --- zinc --- ALA --- abiotic stress --- chlorophyll --- photosynthesis --- antioxidant enzyme --- tomato cultivars --- salinity tolerance --- antioxidant activity --- lycopene --- ascorbic acid --- total polyphenols content --- Capsicum annuum --- root structure --- root hairs --- phosphorus use efficiency --- P-starvation --- macrominerals --- nutrient --- breeding --- eggplant --- wild relative --- vegetative growth --- ion homeostasis --- osmolytes --- oxidative stress --- Phaseolus --- landrace --- seed --- germination --- genetic approach --- sustainable agriculture --- weeds --- natural herbicides --- secondary metabolites --- postemergence --- phytotoxicity --- abiotic stress biomarkers --- bean landraces --- plant breeding --- salt stress tolerance --- water deficit --- water stress tolerance --- tea plant --- cold stress --- chitosan oligosaccharide --- physiological response --- plant growth --- agriculture --- traditions --- pseudo-science --- lunar phases --- physics --- biology --- education --- flooding --- nutrient stress --- ROS