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This volume opens up new perspectives on the physics of the Earth’s interior and planetary bodies for graduate students and researchers working in the fields of geophysics, planetary sciences and geodesy. It looks at our planet in an integrated fashion, linking the physics of its interior to geophysical and geodetic techniques that record, over a broad spectrum of spatial wavelengths and time scales, the ongoing modifications in the shape and gravity field of the planet. Basic issues related to the rheological properties of the Earth and to its slow deformation are considered, in both mathematical and physical terms, within the framework of an analytical relaxation theory. Fundamentals of this theory are developed in the first two Chapters. Chapters 3-9 deal with a wide range of applications, ranging from changes in the Earth’s rotation to post-seismic deformation and from sea-level variations induced by post-glacial rebound to tidal deformation of icy moons of the Solar System. This Second Edition improves substantially our formalism implementing compressibility in viscoelastic relaxation. Chapter 5 now contains new developments in the physics of the gravitational effects of large earthquakes at subduction zones, made possible by new gravity data from space missions. The new Chapter 9 of this Second Edition on deformation and stresses of icy moons enlarges the applications of the book to Planetology, dealing with the additional complications in the theory of viscoelastic relaxation introduced by the shallow low-viscosity zones and inviscid water layers of the moons of Jupiter and Saturn.
Geodynamikk --- Geofysikk --- Litosfæren --- Earth sciences. --- Geophysics. --- Physical geography. --- Earth Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Earth System Sciences. --- Geosciences --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Geography --- Earth sciences --- Physics --- Geodynamics. --- Relaxation phenomena. --- Earth (Planet) --- Mantle.
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Computational Challenges in the Geosciences addresses a cross-section of grand challenge problems arising in geoscience applications, including groundwater and petroleum reservoir simulation, hurricane storm surge, oceanography, volcanic eruptions and landslides, and tsunamis. Each of these applications gives rise to complex physical and mathematical models spanning multiple space-time scales, which can only be studied through computer simulation. The data required by the models is often highly uncertain, and the numerical solution of the models requires sophisticated algorithms which are mathematically accurate, computationally efficient and yet must preserve basic physical properties of the models. This volume summarizes current methodologies and future research challenges in this broad and important field. .
Numerisk databehandling --- Numerisk modellering --- Numeriske metoder --- Geovitenskap --- Geofysikk --- Earth sciences --- Geology --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Geology - General --- Applied Physics --- Mathematical models --- Computer simulation --- Earth sciences. --- Physical geography. --- Geosciences --- Mathematics. --- Meteorology. --- Geophysics. --- Mathematical physics. --- Mathematical Applications in the Physical Sciences. --- Geophysics/Geodesy. --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Geography --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Physics --- Aerology --- Atmospheric science --- Physical mathematics --- Mathematics --- Mathematical models. --- Computer simulation.
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Climate is a paradigm of a complex system. Analysing climate data is an exciting challenge, which is increased by non-normal distributional shape, serial dependence, uneven spacing and timescale uncertainties. This book presents bootstrap resampling as a computing-intensive method able to meet the challenge. It shows the bootstrap to perform reliably in the most important statistical estimation techniques: regression, spectral analysis, extreme values and correlation. This book is written for climatologists and applied statisticians. It explains step by step the bootstrap algorithms (including novel adaptions) and methods for confidence interval construction. It tests the accuracy of the algorithms by means of Monte Carlo experiments. It analyses a large array of climate time series, giving a detailed account on the data and the associated climatological questions. This makes the book self-contained for graduate students and researchers. Manfred Mudelsee received his diploma in Physics from the University of Heidelberg and his doctoral degree in Geology from the University of Kiel. He was then postdoc in Statistics at the University of Kent at Canterbury, research scientist in Meteorology at the University of Leipzig and visiting scholar in Earth Sciences at Boston University; currently he does climate research at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven. His science focuses on climate extremes, time series analysis and mathematical simulation methods. He has authored over 50 peer-reviewed articles. In his 2003 Nature paper, Mudelsee introduced the bootstrap method to flood risk analysis. In 2005, he founded the company Climate Risk Analysis.
Climatic changes -- Statistical methods. --- Climatology -- Statistical methods. --- Tidsrekkeanalyse --- Statistiske metoder --- Geovitenskap --- Geofysikk --- Climatology --- Time-series analysis --- Meteorology & Climatology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Statistical methods --- Time-series analysis. --- Statistical methods. --- Analysis of time series --- Environment. --- Meteorology. --- Statistics. --- Climate change. --- Climate Change. --- Statistical Theory and Methods. --- Autocorrelation (Statistics) --- Harmonic analysis --- Mathematical statistics --- Probabilities --- Climatic changes. --- Mathematical statistics. --- Mathematics --- Statistical inference --- Statistics, Mathematical --- Statistics --- Sampling (Statistics) --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Environmental aspects --- Statistics . --- Statistical analysis --- Statistical data --- Statistical science --- Econometrics --- Aerology --- Atmospheric science --- Global environmental change
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