Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Brazil’s public-sector wage bill is comparatively high. It grows inertially and competes with other spending. Rightsizing the wage bill could stimulate administrative efficiency and bring more equity into a system where public employees earn more than private in comparable professions. Most importantly, however, a reform is necessary to comply with the Federal government expenditure ceiling and the subnational fiscal responsibility rules. A reform should thus encompass all government levels, and all careers, and should aim to achieve a real decrease in salaries and lower employment. In the medium term, a review of the compensation structure should rationalize the multitude if wage grids, merge allowances into the base wage, and align public sector compensation to private wages in low-skilled professions.

Labor --- Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- State and Local Government: Other Expenditure Categories --- Wage Level and Structure --- Wage Differentials --- Compensation Packages --- Payment Methods --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Wages --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Incomes Policy --- Price Policy --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Wage adjustments --- Public sector wages --- Government wage bill --- Expenditure --- Economic theory --- Brazil

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper discusses Kosovo’s First Review Under the Stand-By Arrangement and Requests for Modification and Waivers of Applicability of Performance Criteria (PC). The program is on track. All end-August 2015 PCs and indicative targets were met by comfortable margins. All structural benchmarks for the first review have been met. More broadly, there is strong ownership of structural reforms in the financial sector and in public procurement. The authorities reaffirmed the targets for the fiscal deficit and bank balances for next year and identified measures to achieve these. The IMF staff support the authorities’ request for completion of the first review.

Fiscal policy. --- Fiscal policy --- Economic development --- Development, Economic --- Economic growth --- Growth, Economic --- Economic policy --- Economics --- Statics and dynamics (Social sciences) --- Development economics --- Resource curse --- Tax policy --- Taxation --- Finance, Public --- Government policy --- Financial Risk Management --- Labor --- Macroeconomics --- Public Finance --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- Incomes Policy --- Price Policy --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: Infrastructures --- Other Public Investment and Capital Stock --- Financial Institutions and Services: Government Policy and Regulation --- Public finance & taxation --- Labour --- income economics --- Economic & financial crises & disasters --- Privatization --- Current spending --- Government wage bill --- Public sector wages --- Wages --- Capital spending --- Expenditure --- Expenditures, Public --- Capital investments --- Crisis management --- Banks and banking, Central --- Revenue --- Kosovo, Republic of

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

In this study, we assess the size of the government wage bill and employment in the member countries of the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union and their implications for fiscal sustainability and the adequacy of public service delivery. Over the period 2005 to 2015 their wage bill (as a percentage of GDP, government revenues and expenditures) is higher than in other small states notwithstanding recent efforts by governments to make it more manageable. The composition and distribution of employment is sub-optimal and is reflected in skills mismatches contributing to inefficiencies in public service delivery. Using a dynamic fixed-effects panel, we find that wage bill growth reflects the expansion of government activities to speed up economic and social development and that wage bill spending is procyclical in good times but is rigid during downturns. Finally, we identify the main institutional and legal reforms needed to improve wage bill management and public service efficiency.

Wages --- Compensation --- Departmental salaries --- Earnings --- Pay --- Remuneration --- Salaries --- Wage-fund --- Wage rates --- Working class --- Income --- Labor costs --- Compensation management --- Cost and standard of living --- Prices --- Econometric models. --- Labor --- Public Finance --- National Government Expenditures and Related Policies: General --- National Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Personnel Economics: General --- Employment --- Unemployment --- Intergenerational Income Distribution --- Aggregate Human Capital --- Aggregate Labor Productivity --- Incomes Policy --- Price Policy --- Labour --- income economics --- Public finance & taxation --- Public employment --- Government wage bill --- Wage adjustments --- Expenditure --- Economic theory --- Antigua and Barbuda

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This 2006 Article IV Consultation highlights that following two years of contraction, output growth in Vanuatu recovered beginning in 2003, spurred by stronger performance in construction and a pickup in tourist arrivals. Growth reached 7 percent in 2005 and an estimated 5½ percent in 2006, well above the average for Pacific island countries. The overall external balance has benefited from rising foreign direct investment, aid, and private capital inflows, with reserves increasing to more than 7 months of imports. If good macroeconomic policies continue and political stability is maintained, near-term prospects are positive.

Finance --- Competition --- Competition (Economics) --- Competitiveness (Economics) --- Economic competition --- Commerce --- Conglomerate corporations --- Covenants not to compete --- Industrial concentration --- Monopolies --- Open price system --- Supply and demand --- Trusts, Industrial --- Funding --- Funds --- Economics --- Currency question --- Economic aspects --- Vanuatu --- Republic of Vanuatu --- République de Vanuatu --- Ripablik blong Vanuatu --- République du Vanuatu --- República de Vanuatu --- Republik Vanuatu --- Vanuatua Respubliko --- Vanuatská republika --- Vanuatun tasavalta --- Vanuatu Vabariik --- Vanuatuko Errepublika --- Republica Vanuatu --- República do Vanuatu --- Vanuatu Cumhuriyeti --- Republika e Vanautusë --- Cộng hòa Vanuatu --- Republika ng Vanuatu --- Вануату --- Рэспубліка Вануату --- Rėspublika Vanuatu --- Република Вануату --- Republika Vanuatu --- Βανουάτου --- Vanouatou --- Δημοκρατία του Βανουάτου --- Dēmokratia tou Vanouatou --- バヌアツ --- Banuatsu --- バヌアツ共和国 --- Banuatsu Kyōwakoku --- 瓦努阿图 --- Wanu'atu --- Vanuaaku --- People's Provisional Government of Vanuaaku --- New Hebrides --- Economic conditions. --- Economic policy. --- Budgeting --- Exports and Imports --- Labor --- Public Finance --- Banks and Banking --- Debt --- Debt Management --- Sovereign Debt --- Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs: General --- Trade: General --- Incomes Policy --- Price Policy --- National Budget --- Budget Systems --- Public finance & taxation --- Labour --- income economics --- International economics --- Budgeting & financial management --- Financial services law & regulation --- Public debt --- Public sector wages --- Imports --- Government wage bill --- Budget planning and preparation --- International trade --- Expenditure --- Public financial management (PFM) --- Wages --- Debts, Public --- Budget --- Debts, External