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Becoming human
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ISBN: 0674988639 0674988655 9780674988651 9780674988637 9780674988644 0674988647 9780674980853 0674980859 Year: 2019 Publisher: Cambridge, Massachusetts

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Virtually all theories of how humans have become such a distinctive species focus on evolution. Here, Michael Tomasello proposes a complementary theory of human uniqueness, focused on ontogenetic processes. His data-driven model explains how those things that make us most human are constructed during the first years of a child's life. Tomasello assembles nearly three decades of experimental work with chimpanzees, bonobos, and human children to propose a new framework for psychological development between birth and seven years of age. He identifies eight pathways that starkly differentiate humans from their closest primate relatives: social cognition, communication, cultural learning, cooperative thinking, collaboration, prosociality, social norms, and moral identity. In each of these, great apes possess rudimentary abilities. But then, Tomasello argues, the maturation of humans' evolved capacities for shared intentionality transform these abilities into uniquely human cognition and sociality. The first step occurs around nine months, with the emergence of joint intentionality, exercised mostly with caregiving adults. The second step occurs around three years, with the emergence of collective intentionality involving both authoritative adults, who convey cultural knowledge, and coequal peers, who elicit collaboration and communication. Finally, by age six or seven, children become responsible for self-regulating their beliefs and actions so that they comport with cultural norms. Built on the essential ideas of Lev Vygotsky, Becoming Human places human sociocultural activity within the framework of modern evolutionary theory, and shows how biology creates the conditions under which culture does its work.--


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Planning for the Future : Do Animals Have a Time-Relative Interest in Continuing to Live?
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ISBN: 3957437369 Year: 2020 Publisher: Paderborn Brill | mentis

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Are animals mentally stuck in the present, unable to think beyond the here and now, or are they mental time travelers, capable of planning ahead in time? And why should this matter to us? "Planning for the Future" provides a thorough conceptual clarification of the most important but ambiguously used concepts in the debate and differentiates between two types of planning. In analyzing several influential studies with birds and apes, the book concludes that there is indeed evidence for anticipatory planning in some animals, but not for strategic planning so far. In a chapter of its own, ethical consequences regarding the wrongness of killing animals from utilitarian and animal rights perspectives are laid out. Do at least some animals have a strong interest in continuing to live? Should they even be ascribed with a right not to be killed? And why might the awareness of our own mortality hinder us in finding answers?

From tools to symbols : from early hominids to modern humans ; in honour of Professor Phillip V. Tobias.
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1868144178 1868144348 1868146375 Year: 2005 Publisher: Johannesburg : Wits University Press,

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A number of researchers have tried to characterise the anatomy and behavioural systems of early hominid and early modern human populations in an attempt to understand how we became what we are. Can archaeology, palaeo-anthropology and genetics tell us how and when human cultures developed the traits that make our societies different from those of our closest living relatives? In which cases are these differences substantial, and when do they simply reflect our definitions of culture, species, the image we have of their evolution or of ourselves? From Tools to Symbols, a collection of twenty-seven selected papers from a South African-French conference organised in honour of the well-known palaeo-anthropologist Phillip Tobias, provides a multidisciplinary overview of this field of study. It is based on collaborative research conducted in sub-Saharan Africa by South African, French, American and German scholars in the last twenty years, and represents an excellent synthesis of the palaeontological and archaeological evidence of the last five million years of human evolution.


Book
Landscapes of human evolution : contributions in honour of John Gowlett
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ISBN: 9781789693805 9781789693799 1789693802 1789693799 Year: 2020 Publisher: Oxford : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd.,

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Landscapes of Human Evolution is an edited volume in honour of John Gowlett. John has a wide range of research interests primarily focused on the human genus Homo, and is a world leader in understanding the cognitive and behavioural preconditions necessary for the emergence of complex behaviours such as language and art. John is also a leader in investigating the early history of fire use and control in relation to social action and hominin communication. Landscapes of Human Evolution seeks to mirror John's research profile and explores some of the most recent thinking regarding human evolution from the biological and cognitive development of our human ancestors, to the behavioural adaptations necessary to survive changing Pleistocene landscapes and environments. Specifically, Landscapes of Human Evolution focuses on the development of large hominin brains and bipedal locomotion; hominin interactions with landscape; and the amplification of complex hominin behaviours and social structures from the control of fire through to changing lithic technologies. Such an overview of the development of human ancestral species from a biological, cognitive, social, and behavioural perspective is particularly timely given the many recent advances in our understanding of the complexities of human evolution.

Koobi Fora research project. vol. 3 : the fossil ungulates : Geology, fossil artiodactyls, and palaeoenvironments
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ISBN: 0198573928 0198573987 0198573995 0198575025 0198575017 Year: 1991 Publisher: Oxford Clarendon Press

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This volume, the fifth in the important Koobi Fora series on human origins, reports archaeological finds from excavations at East Turkana in northern Kenya from 1969-1979. It concentrates on the evidence from the period between 1.9 and 0.7 million years ago for reconstructing the behavior of early human ancestors. During this research study, new interdisciplinary methods of survey, mapping, excavation, experimentation, and analysis were developed. The study investigated the geology, stratigraphy, site formation processes, technology of the stone assemblages, and associated fauna of the region. This book is a unique record for this time period in Kenya, and this work is a benchmark in the field of human evolution.

Eating apes
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1282358006 9786612358005 0520938429 9780520938427 9781282358003 0520243323 9780520243323 0520230906 9780520230903 6612358009 Year: 2003 Publisher: Berkeley : University of California Press,

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Eating Apes is an eloquent book about a disturbing secret: the looming extinction of humanity's closest relatives, the African great apes-chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas. Dale Peterson's impassioned exposé details how, with the unprecedented opening of African forests by European and Asian logging companies, the traditional consumption of wild animal meat in Central Africa has suddenly exploded in scope and impact, moving from what was recently a subsistence activity to an enormous and completely unsustainable commercial enterprise. Although the three African great apes account for only about one percent of the commercial bush meat trade, today's rate of slaughter could bring about their extinction in the next few decades. Supported by compelling color photographs by award-winning photographer Karl Ammann, Eating Apes documents the when, where, how, and why of this rapidly accelerating disaster. Eating Apes persuasively argues that the American conservation media have failed to report the ongoing collapse of the ape population. In bringing the facts of this crisis and these impending extinctions into a single, accessible book, Peterson takes us one step closer to averting one of the most disturbing threats to our closest relatives.

The hominid individual in context : archaeological investigations of Lower and Middle Palaeolithic landscapes, locales and artefacts
Authors: ---
ISBN: 1283882337 1134453507 1280102489 0203007697 9780203007693 9780415284325 0415284325 9780415284332 0415284333 9786610102488 6610102481 0415284333 0415284325 9781134453504 9781134453450 1134453450 9781134453498 1134453493 9781283882330 9781280102486 Year: 2005 Publisher: London ; New York : Routledge,

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This book explores new approaches to the remarkably detailed information that archaeologists now have for the study of our early ancestors.


Book
Among African apes : stories and photos from the field
Authors: ---
ISBN: 128327793X 9786613277930 0520948831 9780520948839 9780520267107 0520267109 6613277932 Year: 2011 Publisher: Berkeley : University of California Press,

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These compelling stories and photographs take us to places like Bwindi Impenetrable National Park in Uganda, Ivindo National Park in Gabon, and the Taï National Park in Côte d'Ivoire for an intimate and revealing look at the lives of African wild apes-and at the lives of the humans who study them. In tales of adventure, research, and conservation, veteran field researchers and conservationists describe exciting discoveries made over the past few decades about chimpanzees, bonobos, and gorillas. The book features vivid descriptions of interactions among these highly intelligent creatures as they hunt, socialize, and play. More difficult themes emerge as well, including the threats apes face from poaching, disease, and deforestation. In stories that are often moving and highly personal, this book takes measure of how special the great apes are and discusses positive conservation efforts, including ecotourism, that can help bring these magnificent animals back from the brink of extinction.

The hominid individual in context : archaeological investigations of Lower an Middle Palaeolithic landscapes, locales and artefacts.
Authors: ---
ISBN: 0415284333 0415284325 Year: 2005 Publisher: London Routledge

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This book explores new approaches to the remarkably detailed information that archaeologists now have for the study of our early ancestors.

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