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Health Sciences --- Health Sciences --- Clinical Medicine --- HIV & AIDS

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Swaziland and Lesotho have the highest HIV prevalence in the world. They also share another distinct feature: during the last century, they sent a large numbers of migrant workers to South African mines. This paper examines whether participation in mining in a bordering country affects HIV infection rate. A job in the mines means leaving for long periods away from their families and living in an area with an active sex industry. This creates potential incentives for multiple, concurrent partnerships. Using Demographic and Health Surveys, the analysis shows that migrant miners ages 30-44 are 15 percentage points more likely to be HIV positive, and women whose partner is a migrant miner are 8 percentage points more likely to become infected. The study also shows that miners are less likely to abstain or use condoms, and female partners of miners are more likely to engage in extramarital sex. The authors interpret these results as suggesting that miners' migration into South Africa has increased the spread of HIV/AIDS in their countries of origin. Consistent with this interpretation, the association between HIV infection and being a miner or a miner's wife are not statistically significant in Zimbabwe, a country where the mining industry is local and does not involve migrating to South Africa.

Disease Control & Prevention --- Gender and Health --- Gender and Law --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- HIV AIDS --- HIV/AIDS --- Miners --- Population Policies --- Social Development --- Africa

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Information, education, communication and interventions based on behavioral-change communication have had success in increasing the awareness of HIV. But these strategies alone have been less successful in changing risky sexual behavior. This paper addresses this issue by exploring the link between action and the intention to change behaviors. In Africa, uncertainty in the lives of those at risk for HIV may affect how intentions are formed. Characterize this uncertainty by understanding the reasons for discrepancies between intentions and actions may help improve the design of HIV-prevention interventions. Based on an incentives-based HIV prevention trial in Tanzania, the longitudinal dataset in this paper allows the exploration of intended strategies for changing sexual behaviors and their results. The authors find that gender, intervention groups and new positive diagnoses of sexually transmitted infections can significantly predict the link between intent and action. The paper examines potential mediators of these relationships.

Adolescent Health --- Conditional Cash Transfers --- Gender and Health --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- HIV AIDS --- HIV/AIDS --- Population Policies --- Sexually Transmitted Infections --- Social Development

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infectious diseases and cancer --- hiv/aids --- bacterial infections --- virology --- vaccines --- parasitology

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From a stage erected in front of the US Capitol, on April 25, 1993, Michael Callen surveyed the throng: an estimated one million people stretched across the National Mall in the largest public demonstration of queer political solidarity in history. "What a sight," he told the crowd, his earnest Midwestern twang reverberating through loudspeakers. "You're a sight for sore eyes. Being gay is the greatest gift I have ever been given, and I don't care who knows about it." He then launched into a gorgeous rendition of "Love Don't Need a Reason," the AIDS anthem he composed with Marsha Malamet and the late Peter Allen. As Callen finished singing, people stood cheering and flashing the familiar American Sign Language symbol for "I Love You." For they knew the song's sentiment rang true for Callen, who had recently announced his retirement from music and activism after a living for more than a decade with what was then called "full-blown AIDS." After the March on Washington, Callen returned to his recently adopted West Coast home, Los Angeles. In the ensuing months, his health rapidly declined, and on 27 December 1993, Callen died of AIDS-related pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma. Love Don't Need a Reason focuses on Callen's most important and lasting legacy: his music. A witness to the overlooked last years of Gay Liberation and a major figure in the early years of the AIDS crisis, Michael Callen chronicled these experiences in song. A community organizer, activist, author, and architect of the AIDS self-empowerment movement, he literally changed the way we have sex in an epidemic when he co-authored one of the first safe-sex guides in 1983. A gifted singer, songwriter, and performer, he also made gay music for gay people and used music to educate and empower people with AIDS. Listening again to his music allows us to hear the shifting dynamics of American families, changing notions of masculinity, gay migration to urban areas, the sexual politics of Gay Liberation, and HIV/AIDS activism. Using extensive archival materials and newly-conducted oral history interviews with Callen's friends, family, and fellow musicians, Matthew J. Jones reintroduces Callen to the history of LGBTQIA+ music and places Callen's music at the center of his important activist work.

Gay musicians. --- Michael Callen --- HIV/AIDS --- popular music --- LGBTQ --- history --- LGBTQ activism --- Callen, Michael,