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Carotenoids are uniquely functional polyene pigments that are ubiquitous in nature; aside from being responsible for the color of a wide variety of vegetables, interest has been focused on food carotenoids due to their likely health benefits. This Special Issue, “Carotenoids in Fresh and Processed Food: Between Biosynthesis and Degradation”, consists of five peer-reviewed papers that cover a numerous new insights on the chemistry of carotenoids together with some observations related to their protection from photodegradation. Moreover, other considerations about their biosynthesis and influencing parameters in fresh food are included.

Research & information: general --- HPLC-DAD-MS --- 5,6-/5,8-epoxyxanthophylls --- elicitors --- pheophytins --- chlorophylls --- vineyard aspect --- vineyard topography --- vine vigor --- heat accumulation --- temperature --- photosynthetically active radiation --- lutein --- neoxanthin --- β-carotene --- carotenoids --- traditional food --- light-emitting diodes --- pulsed electric field --- zeaxanthin --- flavonoid --- carotenoid --- salicylic acid --- methyl jasmonate --- citrus fruit --- juice sacs --- eugenol --- photoprotection --- provitamin A --- n/a

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The G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PIBOC FEB RAS) was founded in 1964 in Vladivostok in the Far East of Russia. Over many years, we have been carrying out studies on the natural products of both marine and terrestrial origin. In collaboration with many Russian and foreign scientists, we have investigated many hundreds of diverse biomolecules, including steroids and terpenoids, quinoid compounds and alkaloids, polysaccharides and lipids, enzymes and lectins, proteins, and peptides. The Institute has a collection of marine microorganisms (KMM) PIBOC, which includes more than 4000 strains of marine bacteria and more than 1000 strains of marine fungi. The biological activity of natural compounds is also being studied. This book includes the 14 manuscripts which covered almost all aspects of PIBOC research activity in the fields of bioorganic chemistry, biochemistry, organic synthesis of natural compounds, marine microbiology, and genetic engineering, and we hope it will provide interesting new information for scientists working in these fields.

Research & information: general --- polyhydroxylated steroids --- NMR spectra --- starfish --- Anthenoides laevigatus --- cytotoxicity --- soft agar assay --- kainic acid --- domoic acid --- dysiherbaine --- neodysiherbaine A --- marine bacteria --- whole genome sequence --- porin --- amino acids composition --- bilayer lipid membrane --- pore-forming activity --- spatial structure --- phlorotannins --- phlorethols --- anticancer activity --- colorectal cancer --- radiosensitizer --- radiotherapy --- 1,4-naphthoquinones --- quinoid compounds --- thioglycosides --- quinone-sugar conjugates --- cytotoxic activity --- antibiotic activity --- histochrome --- echinochrome A --- oxidative degradation --- HPLC–DAD–MS --- NMR --- actinoporin --- sea anemone --- Heteractis crispa --- anti-migratory activity --- glycosphingolipids --- cerebrosides --- peroxidation products --- structure elucidation --- allylic thioether --- ESI-MS --- GC-MS --- mass spectra --- glass sponge --- isomalabaricanes --- Stelletta sp. --- marine sponge --- terpenoid --- Cobetia amphilecti --- Cobetia litoralis --- Cobetia pacifica --- Cobetia marina --- Cobetia crustatorum --- identification markers --- alkaline phosphatase PhoA --- lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase --- flavonoids --- enzyme inhibition --- surface plasmon resonance --- spectral titration --- molecular docking --- Zobellia --- genomes --- polysaccharide lyase family 7 --- alginate utilization system --- paralogs --- orthologs --- recombinant phospholipase A1 --- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis --- inclusion bodies --- fusion protein --- green fluorescent protein --- porin gene expression --- antibiotic stress --- phenotypic heterogeneity --- n/a --- HPLC-DAD-MS

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The G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PIBOC FEB RAS) was founded in 1964 in Vladivostok in the Far East of Russia. Over many years, we have been carrying out studies on the natural products of both marine and terrestrial origin. In collaboration with many Russian and foreign scientists, we have investigated many hundreds of diverse biomolecules, including steroids and terpenoids, quinoid compounds and alkaloids, polysaccharides and lipids, enzymes and lectins, proteins, and peptides. The Institute has a collection of marine microorganisms (KMM) PIBOC, which includes more than 4000 strains of marine bacteria and more than 1000 strains of marine fungi. The biological activity of natural compounds is also being studied. This book includes the 14 manuscripts which covered almost all aspects of PIBOC research activity in the fields of bioorganic chemistry, biochemistry, organic synthesis of natural compounds, marine microbiology, and genetic engineering, and we hope it will provide interesting new information for scientists working in these fields.

polyhydroxylated steroids --- NMR spectra --- starfish --- Anthenoides laevigatus --- cytotoxicity --- soft agar assay --- kainic acid --- domoic acid --- dysiherbaine --- neodysiherbaine A --- marine bacteria --- whole genome sequence --- porin --- amino acids composition --- bilayer lipid membrane --- pore-forming activity --- spatial structure --- phlorotannins --- phlorethols --- anticancer activity --- colorectal cancer --- radiosensitizer --- radiotherapy --- 1,4-naphthoquinones --- quinoid compounds --- thioglycosides --- quinone-sugar conjugates --- cytotoxic activity --- antibiotic activity --- histochrome --- echinochrome A --- oxidative degradation --- HPLC–DAD–MS --- NMR --- actinoporin --- sea anemone --- Heteractis crispa --- anti-migratory activity --- glycosphingolipids --- cerebrosides --- peroxidation products --- structure elucidation --- allylic thioether --- ESI-MS --- GC-MS --- mass spectra --- glass sponge --- isomalabaricanes --- Stelletta sp. --- marine sponge --- terpenoid --- Cobetia amphilecti --- Cobetia litoralis --- Cobetia pacifica --- Cobetia marina --- Cobetia crustatorum --- identification markers --- alkaline phosphatase PhoA --- lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase --- flavonoids --- enzyme inhibition --- surface plasmon resonance --- spectral titration --- molecular docking --- Zobellia --- genomes --- polysaccharide lyase family 7 --- alginate utilization system --- paralogs --- orthologs --- recombinant phospholipase A1 --- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis --- inclusion bodies --- fusion protein --- green fluorescent protein --- porin gene expression --- antibiotic stress --- phenotypic heterogeneity --- n/a --- HPLC-DAD-MS

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Antioxidants in food have a dual role; on the one hand, they preserve the quality and shelf life of food products; on the other hand, they function as an external aid, helping to defend our living cells from the threat of oxidative stress. Therefore, foods rich in antioxidants are a useful tool to reduce morbidity and prevent degenerative diseases. Consequently, research related to antioxidants is continually growing. This book brings together 21 articles regarding the latest advances in the most relevant fields of food antioxidant research; from the identification and characterization of new active components, to their molecular mechanisms and the scientific evidence of their clinical use and effectiveness.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- green tea extract --- food processing --- tannase --- ultrasound --- antioxidant activity --- liver injury --- acclimatisation --- antioxidant defences --- chlorophyll fluorescence --- in vitro culture --- peroxidase --- stevia plants --- 7S basic globulins --- anti-inflammatory protein --- antioxidant protein --- cytokines --- glutathione --- iNOS --- nitric oxide --- oxidative stress --- sweet lupins group --- home-cooking --- extra virgin olive oil --- UPLC-ESI-QqQ-MS/MS --- healthy cooking --- Mediterranean diet --- phenolic compounds --- bioactive compounds --- functional pasta --- gluten-free pasta --- bioaccessibility --- bioavailability --- whole grain --- composite flour --- legumes --- food by-products --- avocados (Persea americana Mill.) --- low temperatures --- plastochromanol-8 --- tocotrienols --- tocopherols --- tocochromanols --- kombucha --- tea --- fermentation --- antioxidant --- flavonoids --- polyphenols --- ascorbic acid --- chlorophyll and carotenoid content --- biodiversity --- Capsicum annuum L. --- β-carotene --- statistical analysis --- rye bread --- microencapsulation --- phenolics --- in vitro relative bioaccessibility --- lipoxygenase --- cyclooxygenase --- acetylcholinesterase --- biological activity --- lycopene --- antioxidants --- cancer --- diabetes --- cardiovascular diseases --- skin disorders --- free radicals --- spectrophotometer --- limitations --- chemical reactions --- colorimetry --- anthraquinone --- free radical scavenging --- inflammatory cytokines --- apoptosis --- Rumex crispus --- skins --- seeds --- Vitis vinifera --- cyclic voltammetry --- anthocyanin metabolites --- cardioprotection --- hepatoprotection --- nephroprotection --- neuroprotection --- antioxidant peptides --- element of pork carcasses --- spectrometric analysis --- ascorbate --- ascorbate–glutathione cycle --- capsaicin --- catalase --- dihydrocapsaicin --- NADP-dehydrogenases --- superoxide dismutase --- red cabbage --- in vitro gastrointestinal digestion --- acid-resistant capsule --- UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS --- apples --- reducing and chelating capacity --- HPLC–DAD–MS/MS --- Dillenia indica --- heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) --- nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) --- RAW 264.7 cells --- apo-carotenals --- bone --- osteoclasts --- NFκB --- synergy --- n/a --- ascorbate-glutathione cycle --- HPLC-DAD-MS/MS

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The book presents a collection of original scientific studies aimed at identifying the pigments and dyes in several archaeological or historical objects and artworks. The objects under investigation span from ancient Greek vases to modern paintings, and show the importance of scientific analysis not only to reveal the artists’ materials in different contexts, but also to support conservation and curatorial strategies for the preservation and display of cultural heritage.

Research & information: general --- Late Cycladic I --- brominated indigoids --- Muricidae --- murex --- purpurissum --- true purple --- microRaman --- FTIR --- HPLC–DAD --- weld lake pigments --- yellow lakes --- luteolin --- 19th century --- Winsor &amp --- Newton --- conservation --- Liu Kang --- SEM-EDS --- MA-XRF --- IRFC --- X-RAY --- RTI --- hidden paintings --- pigments --- synthetic organic pigments --- royal talens --- handheld raman spectroscopy --- microraman spectroscopy --- modern artist oil paint --- urolithin C --- brazilein --- brazilwood marker component --- historical textile --- alteration --- cadmium orange --- chlorine --- selenium --- terracotta --- maize stem --- New Spain --- computerized tomography --- Raman --- SEM-EDX --- Mexican sculpture --- polychrome sculpture --- Maria Sibylla Merian --- colored prints --- hyperspectral imaging --- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy --- photometric stereo --- Prussian blue --- non-invasive pigment characterization --- textiles --- dyes --- Peru --- ambient ionization mass spectrometry --- DART-MS --- paper spray MS --- HPLC --- non-invasive techniques --- FORS --- XRF --- illuminated manuscripts --- brazilwood --- colourants --- Antoine de Lonhy --- Torino --- reflectance spectroscopy --- SERS --- synthetic dyes --- Tholu Bommalata --- puppets --- pigment identification --- Raman spectroscopy --- scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy --- microstratigraphic analysis --- Viking Age --- dyestuff --- HPLC-DAD-MS --- aragonite --- Brunswick green --- clinochlore --- mortars --- ultramarine yellow --- vermilion --- wall paintings --- XRD --- Henri Matisse --- cut-outs --- gouache --- Pigment identification --- light sensitivity --- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) --- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) --- microfaedometry (MFT) --- n/a --- HPLC-DAD