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"The Handbook provides an essential resource at the interface of Genomics, Health and Society, and forms a crucial research tool for both new students and established scholars across biomedicine and social sciences. Building from and extending the first Routledge Handbook of Genetics and Society, the book offers a comprehensive introduction to pivotal themes within the field, an overview of the current state of the art knowledge on genomics, science and society, and an outline of emerging areas of research. Key themes addressed include the way genomic based DNA technologies have become incorporated into diverse arenas of clinical practice and research whilst also extending beyond the clinic; the role of genomics in contemporary bioeconomies; how challenges in the governance of medical genomics can both reconfigure and stabilise regulatory processes and jurisdictional boundaries; how questions of diversity and justice are situated across different national and transnational terrains of genomic research; and how genomics informs and is shaped by developments in fields such as epigenetics, synthetic biology, stem cell, microbial and animal model research. Presenting cutting edge research from leading social science scholars, the Handbook provides a unique and important contribution to the field. It brings a rich and varied cross disciplinary social science perspective that engages with both the history and contemporary context of genomics and post-genomics, and considers the now global and transnational terrain in which these developments are unfolding."--Provided by publisher.

Sociology --- Social policy --- Genetics --- Social medicine --- E-books --- Medical care --- Medical sociology --- Medicine --- Medicine, Social --- National planning --- State planning --- Social theory --- Social aspects --- Public health --- Public welfare --- Medical ethics --- Medical sociologists --- Biology --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Economic policy --- Family policy --- Social history --- Social sciences --- Society & social sciences --- Medical genetics --- Genomics --- Genome research --- Genomes --- Molecular genetics --- Clinical genetics --- Diseases --- Heredity of disease --- Human genetics --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Genetic disorders --- Research --- Genetic aspects --- genomics --- developing economies --- Africa --- Brazil --- Haplotype --- Senegal --- Sickle cell disease --- Genomics. --- Genetics, Medical. --- Genetic Testing. --- Bioethical Issues. --- Génomique --- Génétique médicale --- Société. --- Medical genetics.

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Rice feeds more than half of the world population. Its small genome size and ease in transformation have made rice the model crop in plant physiology and genetics. Molecular as well as Mendelian, forward as well as reverse genetics collaborate with each other to expand rice genetics. The wild relatives of rice belonging to the genus Oryza are distributed in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Oceania. They are good sources for the study of domestication and adaptation. Rice was the first crop to have its entire genome sequenced. With the help of the reference genome of Nipponbare and the advent of the next generation sequencer, the study of the rice genome has been accelerated. The mining of DNA polymorphism has permitted map-based cloning, QTL (quantitative trait loci) analysis, and the production of many kinds of experimental lines, such as recombinant inbred lines, backcross inbred lines, and chromosomal segment substitution lines. Inter- and intraspecific hybridization among Oryza species has opened the door to various levels of reproductive barriers ranging from prezygotic to postzygotic. This Special Issue contains eleven papers on genetic studies of rice and its relatives utilizing the rich genetic resources and/or rich genome information described above.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- African rice --- climate change --- genomic resources --- genetic potential --- genome sequencing --- domestication --- transcriptome and chloroplast --- anther length --- cell elongation --- genetic architecture --- outcrossing --- perennial species --- rice --- reproductive barrier --- segregation distortion --- abortion --- wild rice --- O. meridionalis --- O. sativa --- gene duplication --- Oryza sativa --- hybrid weakness --- cell death --- reactive oxygen species --- leaf yellowing --- SPAD --- hypersensitive response --- semidawarf gene --- d60 --- sd1 --- yield component --- phenotyping --- growth --- Seed shattering --- O. barthii --- HS1 --- haplotype --- rice (Oryza sativa) --- evolutionary relationships --- chloroplast genome --- nuclear genome --- phylogeny --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- brown planthopper --- near-isogenic lines --- pyramided lines --- resistance --- virulence --- flowering time --- photoperiod sensitivity --- allelic variation --- fine-tuning --- Oryza --- speciation --- divergence --- life history --- phylogenetic relation --- Australian continent --- abiotic stress --- salinity --- whole genome re-sequencing --- African rice --- climate change --- genomic resources --- genetic potential --- genome sequencing --- domestication --- transcriptome and chloroplast --- anther length --- cell elongation --- genetic architecture --- outcrossing --- perennial species --- rice --- reproductive barrier --- segregation distortion --- abortion --- wild rice --- O. meridionalis --- O. sativa --- gene duplication --- Oryza sativa --- hybrid weakness --- cell death --- reactive oxygen species --- leaf yellowing --- SPAD --- hypersensitive response --- semidawarf gene --- d60 --- sd1 --- yield component --- phenotyping --- growth --- Seed shattering --- O. barthii --- HS1 --- haplotype --- rice (Oryza sativa) --- evolutionary relationships --- chloroplast genome --- nuclear genome --- phylogeny --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- brown planthopper --- near-isogenic lines --- pyramided lines --- resistance --- virulence --- flowering time --- photoperiod sensitivity --- allelic variation --- fine-tuning --- Oryza --- speciation --- divergence --- life history --- phylogenetic relation --- Australian continent --- abiotic stress --- salinity --- whole genome re-sequencing

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Rice feeds more than half of the world population. Its small genome size and ease in transformation have made rice the model crop in plant physiology and genetics. Molecular as well as Mendelian, forward as well as reverse genetics collaborate with each other to expand rice genetics. The wild relatives of rice belonging to the genus Oryza are distributed in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Oceania. They are good sources for the study of domestication and adaptation. Rice was the first crop to have its entire genome sequenced. With the help of the reference genome of Nipponbare and the advent of the next generation sequencer, the study of the rice genome has been accelerated. The mining of DNA polymorphism has permitted map-based cloning, QTL (quantitative trait loci) analysis, and the production of many kinds of experimental lines, such as recombinant inbred lines, backcross inbred lines, and chromosomal segment substitution lines. Inter- and intraspecific hybridization among Oryza species has opened the door to various levels of reproductive barriers ranging from prezygotic to postzygotic. This Special Issue contains eleven papers on genetic studies of rice and its relatives utilizing the rich genetic resources and/or rich genome information described above.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- African rice --- climate change --- genomic resources --- genetic potential --- genome sequencing --- domestication --- transcriptome and chloroplast --- anther length --- cell elongation --- genetic architecture --- outcrossing --- perennial species --- rice --- reproductive barrier --- segregation distortion --- abortion --- wild rice --- O. meridionalis --- O. sativa --- gene duplication --- Oryza sativa --- hybrid weakness --- cell death --- reactive oxygen species --- leaf yellowing --- SPAD --- hypersensitive response --- semidawarf gene --- d60 --- sd1 --- yield component --- phenotyping --- growth --- Seed shattering --- O. barthii --- HS1 --- haplotype --- rice (Oryza sativa) --- evolutionary relationships --- chloroplast genome --- nuclear genome --- phylogeny --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- brown planthopper --- near-isogenic lines --- pyramided lines --- resistance --- virulence --- flowering time --- photoperiod sensitivity --- allelic variation --- fine-tuning --- Oryza --- speciation --- divergence --- life history --- phylogenetic relation --- Australian continent --- abiotic stress --- salinity --- whole genome re-sequencing

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The aim of the present Special Issue is to address the state-of-art of mitochondrial genomics and phylogenomics. Mitochondrial markers are widespread in phylogenetics; however, it is becoming increasingly clear that (i) many discordance issues arise with respect to nuclear markers and (ii) many features that are normally considered 'typical' for the mitochondrial genome are indeed highly unstable and unconserved.

Acari Actinotrichida --- COI --- cytochrome B --- genetic identification --- Hydrachnidia --- Culicidae --- reverse taxonomy --- species identification --- Unio crassus --- freshwater mussels --- population genetics --- genetic diversity --- mtDNA --- ITS --- codon degeneration --- phylogenetic conflict --- deep phylogeny --- ratite --- Theileria parva --- mitogenomes --- haplotypes --- SNPs --- live vaccine --- fig wasps --- classification --- phylogeny --- mitochondrial gene --- transcriptome --- divergence --- Diptera --- saturation --- rates --- banana --- diversification times --- mitochondrial genome --- Mycosphaerellaceae --- plant pathogens --- Pseudocercospora --- sigatoka disease --- wild sheep --- bighorn --- taxonomy --- cytochrome b --- Yakut snow sheep --- Ovis nivicola lydekkeri --- Actiniaria --- group I intron --- mitogenome --- rearrangement --- sea anemone --- 2D RNA-Barcoding --- molecular morphology --- Nudibranchia --- Dondice --- heteroplasmy --- paternal leakage --- NUMTs --- selection --- mtDNA architecture --- mtDNA structure --- nucleotide composition --- compositional bias --- strand asymmetry --- Eukaryota --- mtDNA expansion --- ICZN --- homonym --- Heterobranchia --- Crassostrea angulata --- Portuguese oyster --- cox1 --- phylogeography --- phylogenetics --- haplotype diversity --- oyster conservation --- n/a

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The origin of species has fascinated both biologists and the general public since the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species in 1859. Significant progress in understanding the process was achieved in the "modern synthesis," when Theodosius Dobzhansky, Ernst Mayr, and others reconciled Mendelian genetics with Darwin's natural selection. Although evolutionary biologists have developed significant new theory and data about speciation in the years since the modern synthesis, this book represents the first systematic attempt to summarize and generalize what mathematical models tell us about the dynamics of speciation. Fitness Landscapes and the Origin of Species presents both an overview of the forty years of previous theoretical research and the author's new results. Sergey Gavrilets uses a unified framework based on the notion of fitness landscapes introduced by Sewall Wright in 1932, generalizing this notion to explore the consequences of the huge dimensionality of fitness landscapes that correspond to biological systems. In contrast to previous theoretical work, which was based largely on numerical simulations, Gavrilets develops simple mathematical models that allow for analytical investigation and clear interpretation in biological terms. Covering controversial topics, including sympatric speciation and the effects of sexual conflict on speciation, this book builds for the first time a general, quantitative theory for the origin of species.

Models, Genetic. --- Population Genetics. --- Evolution. --- Population biology. --- Species diversity. --- Population genetics --- Evolution (Biology) --- Species --- Mathematical models. --- Adaptive radiation. --- Allele frequency. --- Allele. --- Allopatric speciation. --- Assortative mating. --- Biodiversity. --- Character displacement. --- Charles Darwin. --- Digamma function. --- Directional selection. --- Disruptive selection. --- Ecological niche. --- Ecological selection. --- Ecology. --- Ecotype. --- Error threshold (evolution). --- Evolution of dominance. --- Evolutionary biology. --- Evolutionary dynamics. --- Evolutionary ecology. --- Evolutionary radiation. --- Fisher's fundamental theorem of natural selection. --- Fisherian runaway. --- Fitness (biology). --- Fitness function. --- Fitness landscape. --- Fitness model (network theory). --- Founder effect. --- Frequency-dependent selection. --- G-test. --- Gene flow. --- Gene. --- Genetic architecture. --- Genetic association. --- Genetic correlation. --- Genetic distance. --- Genetic divergence. --- Genetic drift. --- Genetic heterogeneity. --- Genetic structure. --- Genetic variability. --- Genetic variance. --- Genetic variation. --- Genetics and the Origin of Species. --- Genotype frequency. --- Genotype-phenotype distinction. --- Genotype. --- Group selection. --- Haldane's rule. --- Haplotype. --- Hardy–Weinberg principle. --- Hybrid (biology). --- Hybrid speciation. --- Hybrid zone. --- Inbreeding. --- Linkage disequilibrium. --- Local adaptation. --- Logarithm. --- Macroevolution. --- Mate choice. --- Mating preferences. --- Mating. --- Model organism. --- Modern evolutionary synthesis. --- Mutation rate. --- Mutation–selection balance. --- Natural selection. --- Nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution. --- Neutral network (evolution). --- On the Origin of Species. --- Order statistic. --- Parapatric speciation. --- Peripatric speciation. --- Phenotype. --- Phenotypic trait. --- Polymorphism (biology). --- Population ecology. --- Population genetics. --- Population size. --- Probability. --- Quantitative genetics. --- Quantitative trait locus. --- Rate of evolution. --- Reproductive isolation. --- Reproductive success. --- Ring species. --- Segregate (taxonomy). --- Selection coefficient. --- Sexual selection. --- Spatial ecology. --- Speciation (genetic algorithm). --- Speciation. --- Species complex. --- Species–area curve. --- Stepwise mutation model. --- Sympatric speciation. --- Taxonomy (biology). --- Trait theory.