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No detailed description available for "People's Diplomacy".

Cold War --- Cultural diplomacy --- Exchange of persons programs, American --- Exchange of persons programs, Chinese --- Politics and culture --- HISTORY / United States / 20th Century. --- Social aspects. --- History --- people to people, 1970s, Nixon administration, sino-american, Henry Kissinger, Beijing, engagement over isolation, foreign policy.

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The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has evolved as a global pandemic and the disease has affected nearly every country and region. This pandemic has posed further threats to people due to the emergence of the number of novel SARS-CoV-2 strains with unknown original hosts. Since the start of the pandemic, COVID-19 has overwhelmed health systems worldwide, from crippling health resources to causing paradigms shifts in health care delivery. The various strategies taken to control viral transmission including testing process, quarantine and isolation have had dire psychological and financial implications on individuals and institutions. Furthermore, many countries have implemented lockdowns and other restrictions to curb the virus’s spread resulted in disrupted formal education, unplanned fiscal costs on emergency reliefs, and decreased productivity. This Special Issue provides an avenue for authors from various disciplines to better understand the risk factors associated with the spread and severity of COVID-19 infections. It also provides information about the influence of COVID-19 and its countermeasures on local economies, the environment, and mental health. This Special Issue contains 11 research articles and one review.

Medicine --- Epidemiology & medical statistics --- coronavirus disease --- artificial neural networks --- SARS-CoV-2 --- ventilator --- index development index --- developing country --- Covid-19 --- population density --- Covid-19 mortality --- economic recovery --- population reduction --- China --- Saudi Arabia --- Henry Kissinger --- economic burden --- influenza-like illness --- healthcare-seeking behaviors --- air pollution --- coronavirus disease 2019 --- Greece --- GreenYourAir --- fine particulate matter --- COVID-19 --- dentistry --- pandemic --- dentist --- protective equipment --- economy resilience --- economy resistance --- economy restoration --- photochemical smog --- respiratory disorders --- prevalence --- occupational health --- infection --- trade protectionism --- economy --- energy --- input-output model --- public health crisis --- ESG --- stock price volatility --- avoid risk --- psychological distress --- depression symptoms --- anxiety symptoms --- financial variables --- COVID-19 pandemic --- district-level analysis --- risk factors --- Nepal

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The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has evolved as a global pandemic and the disease has affected nearly every country and region. This pandemic has posed further threats to people due to the emergence of the number of novel SARS-CoV-2 strains with unknown original hosts. Since the start of the pandemic, COVID-19 has overwhelmed health systems worldwide, from crippling health resources to causing paradigms shifts in health care delivery. The various strategies taken to control viral transmission including testing process, quarantine and isolation have had dire psychological and financial implications on individuals and institutions. Furthermore, many countries have implemented lockdowns and other restrictions to curb the virus’s spread resulted in disrupted formal education, unplanned fiscal costs on emergency reliefs, and decreased productivity. This Special Issue provides an avenue for authors from various disciplines to better understand the risk factors associated with the spread and severity of COVID-19 infections. It also provides information about the influence of COVID-19 and its countermeasures on local economies, the environment, and mental health. This Special Issue contains 11 research articles and one review.

Medicine --- Epidemiology & medical statistics --- coronavirus disease --- artificial neural networks --- SARS-CoV-2 --- ventilator --- index development index --- developing country --- Covid-19 --- population density --- Covid-19 mortality --- economic recovery --- population reduction --- China --- Saudi Arabia --- Henry Kissinger --- economic burden --- influenza-like illness --- healthcare-seeking behaviors --- air pollution --- coronavirus disease 2019 --- Greece --- GreenYourAir --- fine particulate matter --- COVID-19 --- dentistry --- pandemic --- dentist --- protective equipment --- economy resilience --- economy resistance --- economy restoration --- photochemical smog --- respiratory disorders --- prevalence --- occupational health --- infection --- trade protectionism --- economy --- energy --- input-output model --- public health crisis --- ESG --- stock price volatility --- avoid risk --- psychological distress --- depression symptoms --- anxiety symptoms --- financial variables --- COVID-19 pandemic --- district-level analysis --- risk factors --- Nepal --- coronavirus disease --- artificial neural networks --- SARS-CoV-2 --- ventilator --- index development index --- developing country --- Covid-19 --- population density --- Covid-19 mortality --- economic recovery --- population reduction --- China --- Saudi Arabia --- Henry Kissinger --- economic burden --- influenza-like illness --- healthcare-seeking behaviors --- air pollution --- coronavirus disease 2019 --- Greece --- GreenYourAir --- fine particulate matter --- COVID-19 --- dentistry --- pandemic --- dentist --- protective equipment --- economy resilience --- economy resistance --- economy restoration --- photochemical smog --- respiratory disorders --- prevalence --- occupational health --- infection --- trade protectionism --- economy --- energy --- input-output model --- public health crisis --- ESG --- stock price volatility --- avoid risk --- psychological distress --- depression symptoms --- anxiety symptoms --- financial variables --- COVID-19 pandemic --- district-level analysis --- risk factors --- Nepal

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The first in-depth account of the historic diplomatic agreement that served as a blueprint for ending the Cold WarThe Helsinki Final Act was a watershed of the Cold War. Signed by thirty-five European and North American leaders at a summit in Finland in the summer of 1975, the agreement presented a vision for peace based on common principles and cooperation across the Iron Curtain. The Final Act is the first in-depth account of the diplomatic saga that produced this historic agreement. Drawing on research in eight countries and multiple languages, this gripping book explains the Final Act's emergence from the parallel crises of the Soviet bloc and the West during the 1960s, the strategies of the major players, and the conflicting designs for international order that animated the negotiations.Helsinki had originally been a Soviet idea. But after nearly three years of grinding negotiations, the Final Act reflected liberal democratic ideals more than communist ones. It rejected the Brezhnev Doctrine, provided for German reunification, endorsed human rights as a core principle of international security, committed countries to greater transparency in economic and military affairs, and promoted the freer movement of people and information across borders. Instead of restoring the legitimacy of the Soviet bloc, Helsinki established principles that undermined it.The definitive history of the origins and legacy of this important agreement, The Final Act shows how it served as a blueprint for ending the Cold War, and how, when that conflict finally came to a close, the great powers established a new international order based on Helsinki's enduring principles.

Cold War --- History. --- Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe --- Activism. --- Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. --- Allies of World War II. --- Anatoly. --- Andrei Gromyko. --- Andrei Sakharov. --- Brezhnev Doctrine. --- Capitalism. --- Capitalist state. --- Central Committee. --- Citizenship. --- Cold War. --- Comecon. --- Communism. --- Communist propaganda. --- Communist state. --- Containment. --- Criticism. --- Czechoslovakia. --- De facto. --- Dictatorship. --- Disarmament. --- Dissident. --- Domestic policy. --- East Germany. --- Eastern Bloc. --- Eastern Europe. --- Edward Gierek. --- Erich Honecker. --- Europe. --- European Economic Community. --- European integration. --- Federal republic. --- Foreign policy. --- Fredrik Logevall. --- Georges Pompidou. --- German reunification. --- Grand strategy. --- Great power. --- Hans-Dietrich Genscher. --- Henry Kissinger. --- Ideology. --- Imperialism. --- Interdependence. --- International law. --- International relations. --- International security. --- Jay Winter. --- John Lewis Gaddis. --- Leninism. --- Leonid Brezhnev. --- Marxism–Leninism. --- Mikhail Gorbachev. --- Mikhail Suslov. --- Molly Worthen. --- Moral high ground. --- NATO. --- National security. --- Nikita Khrushchev. --- Non-interventionism. --- Nuclear warfare. --- Obstacle. --- Ostpolitik. --- Peaceful coexistence. --- Politburo. --- Politician. --- Politics. --- Prague Spring. --- Precedent. --- Princeton University Press. --- Proletarian internationalism. --- Racism. --- Raymond Aron. --- Revanchism. --- Richard Nixon. --- Robert Bothwell. --- Romanians. --- Russians. --- Self-determination. --- Sino-Soviet split. --- Skepticism. --- Social democracy. --- Socialist state. --- Sovereignty. --- Soviet Union. --- Soviet Union–United States relations. --- Soviet people. --- Stalinism. --- Treaty. --- United States Department of State. --- Urho Kekkonen. --- Walter Ulbricht. --- Warsaw Pact. --- West Berlin. --- West Germany. --- Western Europe. --- Western world. --- Westphalian sovereignty. --- Willy Brandt. --- World history.

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Drawing on recently declassified documents and extensive interviews with Soviet and American policy-makers, among them several important figures speaking for public record for the first time, Ned Lebow and Janice Stein cast new light on the effect of nuclear threats in two of the tensest moments of the Cold War: the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 and the confrontations arising out of the Arab-Israeli war of 1973. They conclude that the strategy of deterrence prolonged rather than ended the conflict between the superpowers.

Nuclear warfare. --- Nuclear weapons. --- Arab-Israeli conflict --- Arab-Israeli conflict. --- Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962. --- Cold War. --- Atomic warfare --- CBR warfare --- Nuclear strategy --- Nuclear war --- Thermonuclear warfare --- War --- Nuclear crisis control --- Nuclear weapons --- Atomic weapons --- Fusion weapons --- Thermonuclear weapons --- Weapons of mass destruction --- No first use (Nuclear strategy) --- Nuclear arms control --- Nuclear disarmament --- Nuclear warfare --- Jewish-Arab relations --- Israel-Arab conflicts --- Israel-Palestine conflict --- Israeli-Arab conflict --- Israeli-Palestinian conflict --- Palestine-Israel conflict --- Palestine problem (1948- ) --- Palestinian-Israeli conflict --- Palestinian Arabs --- Cuban Missile Crisis, Oct. 1962 --- World politics --- History --- Soviet Union --- United States --- Foreign relations --- 1960 U-2 incident. --- Abstention. --- Allen Dulles. --- Allied-occupied Germany. --- Andrei Gromyko. --- Anti-imperialism. --- Anti-war movement. --- Assassination. --- Berlin Blockade. --- Berlin Crisis of 1961. --- Berlin Wall. --- Blockade. --- Ceasefire. --- Censorship. --- Cold War II. --- Communist revolution. --- Containment. --- Coup d'état. --- Cuban Missile Crisis. --- Dean Rusk. --- Decapitation. --- Declaration of war. --- Deterrence theory. --- Dictatorship. --- Disarmament. --- Disinformation. --- Dissolution of the Soviet Union. --- Doomsday device. --- Dr. Strangelove. --- Embargo. --- Era of Stagnation. --- Evil empire. --- Failed state. --- Fallout shelter. --- George Ball (diplomat). --- Glasnost. --- Henry Kissinger. --- Hungarian Revolution of 1956. --- Impeachment. --- Impunity. --- International crisis. --- Jimmy Carter. --- John F. Kennedy. --- John Foster Dulles. --- John Mueller. --- Joseph Stalin. --- Leonid Brezhnev. --- McCarthyism. --- McGeorge Bundy. --- Minimal deterrence. --- Minister without portfolio. --- Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. --- Moscow Conference (1941). --- Mutual assured destruction. --- NATO. --- Nikita Khrushchev. --- Nuclear blackmail. --- Nuclear disarmament. --- Nuclear holocaust. --- Old Bolshevik. --- Operation Barbarossa. --- Perestroika. --- Persecution. --- Pessimism. --- Political prisoner. --- Pre-emptive nuclear strike. --- Preventive war. --- Proxy war. --- Purge. --- Quarantine Speech. --- Ridicule. --- Roswell Gilpatric. --- Roy Medvedev. --- Saturday Night Massacre. --- Sergei Khrushchev. --- Soviet Empire. --- Soviet Navy. --- Soviet Union. --- Soviet Union–United States relations. --- Soviet people. --- Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan. --- Soviet–Afghan War. --- Stalinism. --- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. --- Superiority (short story). --- Surgical strike. --- The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence. --- There is no alternative. --- Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany. --- War at Sea. --- War of Attrition. --- War of ideas. --- War termination. --- War-weariness. --- War. --- Warfare. --- Why England Slept. --- Yom Kippur War.