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This book provides a comprehensive revision and analysis of Normandy, its rulers, and governance between the traditional date for the foundation of the duchy, 911, and the completion of the conquest led by Count Geoffrey V of the Angevins, 1144. It examines how the Norman dukes were able to establish and then to maintain themselves in their duchy, providing a new historical narrative in the process. It also explores the various tools that they used to promote and enforce their authority, from the recruitment of armies to the use of symbolism and emotions at court. In particular, it also seeks to come to terms with the practicalities of ducal power, and reveals that it was framed and promoted from the bottom up as much as from the top down. Dr Mark Hagger is Senior Lecturer in History, School of History, Welsh History and Archaeology, Bangor University.

Normandy (France) --- Normandie (France) --- Basse-Normandie (France) --- Haute-Normandie (France) --- History --- Politics and government --- To 1515 --- HISTORY / Medieval. --- Normandy. --- analysis. --- conquests. --- ducal power. --- dukes. --- geographical. --- geography. --- historical analysis. --- history. --- medieval history. --- middle ages. --- political. --- politics. --- tenth centuryl. --- war.

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Film criticism is in crisis. Dwelling on the many film journalists made redundant at newspapers, magazines, and other 'old media' in past years, commentators have voiced existential questions about the purpose and worth of the profession in the age of WordPress blogospheres and proclaimed the 'death of the critic'. Bemoaning the current anarchy of internet amateurs and the lack of authoritative critics, many journalists and academics claim that in the digital age, cultural commentary has become dumbed down and fragmented into niche markets. Mattias Freu, arguing against these claims, examines the history of film critical discourse in France, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. He demonstrates that since its origins, film criticism has always found itself in crisis: the need to show critical authority and the anxieties over challenges to that authority have been longstanding concerns.

Film --- Film criticism --- #SBIB:309H522 --- Motion picture criticism --- Motion pictures --- Moving-picture criticism --- Criticism --- Methodology --- History. --- Audiovisuele communicatie: kritiek --- Evaluation --- Methodology&delete& --- History --- Film criticism. --- Journalism --- Film criticism, critical authority, digital, journalism, historical analysis, new media. --- Writing (Authorship) --- Literature --- Publicity --- Fake news --- Cinema --- Feature films --- Films --- Movies --- Moving-pictures --- Audio-visual materials --- Mass media --- Performing arts --- History and criticism

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The Anglo-Saxon period was crucial in the development of England's character: its language, and much of its landscape and culture, were forged in the period between the fifth and the eleventh centuries. Historians and archaeologists have long been fascinated by its regional variations, by the way in which different parts of the country displayed marked differences in social structures, settlement patterns, and field systems. In this controversial and wide-ranging study, the author argues that such differences were largely a consequence of environmental factors: of the influence of climate, soils and hydrology, and of the patterns of contact and communication engendered by natural topography. He also suggests that such environmental influences have been neglected over recent decades by generations of scholars who are embedded in an urban culture and largely divorced from the natural world; and that an appreciation of the fundamental role of physical geography in shaping human affairs can throw much new light on a number of important debates about early medieval society. The book will be essential reading for all those interested in the character of the Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian settlements, in early medieval social and territorial organization, and in the origins of the England's medieval landscapes. Tom Williamson is Professor of Landscape History, University of East Anglia; he has written widely on landscape archaeology, agricultural history, and the history of landscape design.

Great Britain --- Grande-Bretagne --- History --- Historical geography. --- Histoire --- Géographie historique --- HISTORY / Medieval. --- Anglo-Saxon Period. --- Anglo-Saxon period. --- Early Medieval Society. --- Early medieval England. --- England. --- Field Systems. --- Geographical Features. --- Landscape. --- Natural Environment. --- Physical Geography. --- Regional Variations. --- Settlement Patterns. --- Social Structures. --- environment. --- field systems. --- geographical features. --- historical analysis. --- landscape. --- physical geography. --- settlement patterns. --- social structures.

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Early Spanish explorers in the late eighteenth century found springtime California covered with spectacular carpets of wildflowers from San Francisco to San Diego. Yet today, invading plant species have devastated this nearly forgotten botanical heritage. In this lively, vividly detailed work, Richard A. Minnich synthesizes a unique and wide-ranging array of sources-from the historic accounts of those early explorers to the writings of early American botanists in the nineteenth century, newspaper accounts in the twentieth century, and modern ecological theory-to give the most comprehensive historical analysis available of the dramatic transformation of California's wildflower prairies. At the same time, his groundbreaking book challenges much current thinking on the subject, critically evaluating the hypothesis that perennial bunchgrasses were once a dominant feature of California's landscape and instead arguing that wildflowers filled this role. As he examines the changes in the state's landscape over the past three centuries, Minnich brings new perspectives to topics including restoration ecology, conservation, and fire management in a book that will change our of view of native California.

Wild flowers --- Plant invasions --- Biological invasions --- Bio-invasions --- Bioinvasions --- Invasions, Biological --- Natural selection --- Population biology --- Wildflowers --- Flowers --- Plant succession --- Invasive plants --- biodiversity. --- botanicals. --- california history. --- california wildflowers. --- conservation. --- dramatic transformation. --- ecological theory. --- ecology. --- fire management. --- groundbreaking book. --- historical analysis. --- invasive plants. --- landscapes. --- minnich. --- native california plants. --- san diego. --- spanish explorer. --- wildfire. --- wildflower prairies.

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This book is a detailed study of the domestic life of the early modern, non-elite household, focussing on the Oxfordshire market town of Thame. Going beyond the exploration of the domestic economy and trends in living standards and consumption, it shows how close examination of the material context within which the household operated can provide evidence of its habitual activities, the relationships between its members, and the values that informed both. The book uses a familiar source, the probate inventory, supplemented by other contemporary written and pictorial evidence, to reveal how activities in the household were directly related to the agricultural, mercantile, and social environment. It illustrates the variable and shifting nature of social relationships and shows how the early modern household was part of the wider economic and social narrative of modernism and how it responded to altered modes of production and consumption, social allegiances, and ideologies. Offering new perspectives to reinvigorate the discussion of domestic relationships and rigorously examine the vexed question of change, Domestic Culture in Early Modern England will be of interest to scholars and postgraduate students of material culture as well as historians of the household and family more generally.

Antony Buxton lectures on design history, material and domestic culture for the Department for Continuing Education, University of Oxford and other institutions. He has published articles in various scholarly journals and holds a PhD from the University of Oxford.

Households --- History --- England --- Social life and customs --- Social conditions --- Population --- Families --- Home economics --- Material culture --- History. --- Thame (England) --- Social life and customs. --- Economic conditions. --- Social conditions. --- Culture --- Folklore --- Technology --- Thame (Oxfordshire) --- Early modern England. --- agricultural. --- domestic life. --- historical analysis. --- material context. --- material culture. --- mercantile. --- probate inventory. --- social environment. --- social relationships.