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The majority of microbes in many environments are considered “as yet uncultured” and were traditionally considered inaccessible for study through the microbiological gold standard of pure culture. The emergence of metagenomic approaches has allowed researchers to access and study these microbes in a culture-independent manner through DNA sequencing and functional expression of metagenomic DNA in a heterologous host. Metagenomics has revealed an extraordinary degree of diversity and novelty, not only among microbial communities themselves, but also within the genomes of these microbes. This Research Topic aims to showcase the utility of metagenomics to gain insights on the microbial and genomic diversity in different environments by revealing the breadth of novelty that was in the past, largely untapped.

Human microbiome --- Metagenomics --- metatranscriptomics --- DNA SEQUENCING --- functional metagenomics --- viral metagenomics

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In complex systems, such as our body or a plant, the host is living together with thousands of microbes, which support the entire system in function and health. The stability of a microbiome is influenced by environmental changes, introduction of microbes and microbial communities, or other factors. As learned in the past, microbial diversity is the key and low-diverse microbiomes often mirror out-of-control situations or disease. It is now our task to understand the molecular principles behind the complex interaction of microbes in, on and around us in order to optimize and control the function of the microbial community – by changing the environment or the addition of the right microorganisms. This Research Topic focuses on studies (including e.g. original research, perspectives, mini reviews, and opinion papers) that investigate and discuss: 1) The role of the microbiome for the host/environmental system 2) The exchange and change of microbes and microbial communities (interplay) 3) The influence of external factors toward the stability of a microbiome 4) Methods, possibilities and approaches to change and control a system’s microbiome (e.g. in human or plant disease) 5) Experimental systems and approaches in microbiome research. The articles span the areas: human health and disease, animal and plant microbiomes, microbial interplay and control, methodology and the built environment microbiome.

mycobiome --- human microbiome --- microbial interplay --- built environment --- animal microbiome --- microbiome control --- plant microbiome --- Microbiome

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In complex systems, such as our body or a plant, the host is living together with thousands of microbes, which support the entire system in function and health. The stability of a microbiome is influenced by environmental changes, introduction of microbes and microbial communities, or other factors. As learned in the past, microbial diversity is the key and low-diverse microbiomes often mirror out-of-control situations or disease. It is now our task to understand the molecular principles behind the complex interaction of microbes in, on and around us in order to optimize and control the function of the microbial community – by changing the environment or the addition of the right microorganisms. This Research Topic focuses on studies (including e.g. original research, perspectives, mini reviews, and opinion papers) that investigate and discuss: 1) The role of the microbiome for the host/environmental system 2) The exchange and change of microbes and microbial communities (interplay) 3) The influence of external factors toward the stability of a microbiome 4) Methods, possibilities and approaches to change and control a system’s microbiome (e.g. in human or plant disease) 5) Experimental systems and approaches in microbiome research. The articles span the areas: human health and disease, animal and plant microbiomes, microbial interplay and control, methodology and the built environment microbiome.

mycobiome --- human microbiome --- microbial interplay --- built environment --- animal microbiome --- microbiome control --- plant microbiome --- Microbiome

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This collection represents certain discoveries that were made in evolutionary and genomic microbiology during the recent ten years. We attempted to shed light on topical issues of microbial evolution and microbiome biology. In our eyes, these articles are of an excellent quality and may be helpful both for casual readers and for specialists in the field.

Human microbiome --- human mycobiome --- gut microbiome --- domains of life --- brain-gut-microbe axis --- oral microbiome --- Human Ecology --- evolution --- genomic microbiology --- evolutionary microbiology

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Microbes are ubiquitous and have ecological interactions with almost all life forms. Likewise, humans invariably engage in host-microbial interactions that could induce short-term or long-term effects. Some of these long-term crossover interactions have allowed successful colonization of microbes within or on the human body, collectively known as the human microbiome or human microbiota. The human microbiome is identified as playing a key role in various physiological processes like digestion, immunity, defense, growth, and development. Any dysbiosis in the human microbiome structure could induce the onset of various metabolic or physiological disorders. Cumulatively, the human microbiome is considered as a virtual human organ that is essential for host survival. Additionally, short-term biological interactions of the host and microbes have exposed microbes to the human cellular system. This exposure could have allowed the microbes to invade human cells for their growth and reproduction-induced onset of various infectious diseases. This book incorporates a number of studies highlighting the role of microbes in human health and diseases.

Microbiota. --- Microbial Community --- Microbial Community Composition --- Microbial Community Structure --- Human Microbiome --- Microbiome --- Microbiome, Human --- Community Composition, Microbial --- Community Structure, Microbial --- Community, Microbial --- Composition, Microbial Community --- Human Microbiomes --- Microbial Communities --- Microbial Community Compositions --- Microbial Community Structures --- Microbiomes --- Microbiotas --- Metagenome --- Medical microbiology & virology