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Climate change is one of the main threats to modern society. This phenomenon is associated with an increase in greenhouse gas (GHGs, mainly carbon dioxide—CO2) emissions due to anthropogenic activities. The main causes are the burning of fossil fuels and land use change (deforestation). Climate change impacts are associated with risks to basic needs (health, food security, and clean water), as well as risks to development (jobs, economic growth, and the cost of living). The processes involving CO2 capture and storage are gaining attention in the scientific community as an alternative for decreasing CO2 emissions, reducing its concentration in ambient air. The carbon capture and storage (CCS) methodologies comprise three steps: CO2 capture, CO2 transportation, and CO2 storage. Despite the high research activity within this topic, several technological, economic, and environmental issues as well as safety problems remain to be solved, such as the following needs: increase of CO2 capture efficiency, reduction of process costs, and verification of the environmental sustainability of CO2 storage.

normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) --- techno-economic analysis --- the Loess Plateau --- power-to-methane --- GHG mitigation --- CO2 capture and utilization --- cement production with CO2 capture --- oxyfuel --- knowledge mapping --- technological evolution --- CO2 capture --- CO2 capture in industry --- IGCC --- InVEST --- electricity production --- life cycle assessment --- carbon storage --- carbon capture and storage --- CO2 capture retrofitability --- TBAB --- supercritical CO2 --- hydrate --- membrane-assisted CO2 liquefaction --- micromorphology --- synthetic natural gas --- stability map --- carbon capture and storage (CCS) --- renewable power --- carbon density --- fossil fuels --- chilled ammonia --- CCS --- cement --- MEA-based absorption --- carbon capture --- energy dependence --- calcium looping --- CO2 separation --- CO2 pipeline --- flow instability --- CiteSpace --- anti-agglomerant

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This Special Issue on “LCA of Energy Systems” contains inspiring contributions on assessing the sustainability of novel technologies destined to shape the future of our energy sector. These include battery-based and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, geothermal energy, hydropower, biomass gasification, national electricity systems, and waste incineration. The analysis of trends and singularities will be invaluable to product designers, engineers, and policy makers. Furthermore, these exercises also contribute to refining the life cycle framework and harmonizing methodological decisions. Our hope is that this should be a step toward promoting the use of science and knowledge to shape a better world for everyone.

Research & information: general --- life cycle assessment --- battery electric vehicle (BEV) --- plug-in electric vehicle --- energy --- greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions --- thermodynamic modeling --- exergy --- e-waste --- secondary copper smelting --- precious metal recovery --- printed circuit board --- coalbed methane development --- risk assessment --- structural entropy weight method --- matter-element extension method --- LCA --- Spain --- renewables --- electricity --- sustainability --- carbon footprint --- employment --- LCOE --- CHP --- biomass --- gasification --- SOFC --- allocation --- multifunctionality --- geothermal energy --- flash technology --- Bagnore power plant --- pedigree matrix --- carbon dioxide capture --- activated carbon --- environmental impacts --- IGCC --- carbon capture economy --- stirling cycle-based heat pump --- gas/oil-fired boilers --- SimaPro --- eco-indicator 99 --- life cycle impact assessment --- distance-to-target weighting --- ecological scarcity --- renewable electricity and heat generation --- decentralized energy system

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The search for alternative sources of energy is an attempt to solve two of the main problems facing the modern world. Today's resources are mainly based on fossil flammable substances such as coal, oil, and natural gas. The first problem is related to the expected and observed depletion of deposits, not only those available but also less accessible. Another is related to global warming from emissions of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide) as well as emissions of other pollutants in the atmosphere. Mitigating the harmful effects of fossil fuel use is an obvious challenge for mankind. This Special Issue includes articles on the search for new raw materials and new technologies for obtaining energy, such as those existing in nature, methane hydrates, biomass, etc., new more efficient technologies for generating electricity, as well as analyses of the possibilities and conditions of use of these resources for practical applications.

Technology: general issues --- thermoelectric generation --- turbo-generator --- exhaust heat recovery --- kinetics --- pyrolysis --- wood-based panels --- Van KREVELEN systematics --- TG-MS/FTIR analysis --- CH4 hydrate --- replacement --- IGCC syngas --- in-situ Raman --- thermodynamic cycles --- ORC --- efficiency --- energy consumption --- comminution --- grinding --- multi-disc mill --- energy consumption index --- energy assessment --- wind power plant --- sustainable development --- modernization --- recycling --- solar energy --- wind energy --- energy efficiency --- environmental impact --- economic evaluation --- on-grid system --- HOMER Pro software --- natural gas hydrate --- critical velocity --- solid fluidization method --- water jet --- ultimate breaking distance --- biofuel policy --- efficiency rating --- ethanol --- data mining --- waste-to-energy --- sector coupling --- waste incineration --- waste heat recovery in desalination --- efficiency increasing in waste incineration --- waste plastic oil --- biodiesel --- castor oil --- emission --- diesel engine --- parallel plugin hybrid --- hybrid two-wheeler --- load-levelling control (LLC) --- equivalent fuel-consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) --- battery ageing --- fuel economy --- engine switching and charge sustained

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• Reference Manager
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The search for alternative sources of energy is an attempt to solve two of the main problems facing the modern world. Today's resources are mainly based on fossil flammable substances such as coal, oil, and natural gas. The first problem is related to the expected and observed depletion of deposits, not only those available but also less accessible. Another is related to global warming from emissions of greenhouse gases (mainly carbon dioxide) as well as emissions of other pollutants in the atmosphere. Mitigating the harmful effects of fossil fuel use is an obvious challenge for mankind. This Special Issue includes articles on the search for new raw materials and new technologies for obtaining energy, such as those existing in nature, methane hydrates, biomass, etc., new more efficient technologies for generating electricity, as well as analyses of the possibilities and conditions of use of these resources for practical applications.

thermoelectric generation --- turbo-generator --- exhaust heat recovery --- kinetics --- pyrolysis --- wood-based panels --- Van KREVELEN systematics --- TG-MS/FTIR analysis --- CH4 hydrate --- replacement --- IGCC syngas --- in-situ Raman --- thermodynamic cycles --- ORC --- efficiency --- energy consumption --- comminution --- grinding --- multi-disc mill --- energy consumption index --- energy assessment --- wind power plant --- sustainable development --- modernization --- recycling --- solar energy --- wind energy --- energy efficiency --- environmental impact --- economic evaluation --- on-grid system --- HOMER Pro software --- natural gas hydrate --- critical velocity --- solid fluidization method --- water jet --- ultimate breaking distance --- biofuel policy --- efficiency rating --- ethanol --- data mining --- waste-to-energy --- sector coupling --- waste incineration --- waste heat recovery in desalination --- efficiency increasing in waste incineration --- waste plastic oil --- biodiesel --- castor oil --- emission --- diesel engine --- parallel plugin hybrid --- hybrid two-wheeler --- load-levelling control (LLC) --- equivalent fuel-consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) --- battery ageing --- fuel economy --- engine switching and charge sustained