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When Samuel de Champlain founded the colony of Quebec in 1608, he established elaborate gardens where he sowed French seeds he had brought with him and experimented with indigenous plants that he found in nearby fields and forests. Following Champlain's example, fellow colonists nurtured similar gardens through the Saint Lawrence Valley and Great Lakes region. In A Not-So-New World, Christopher Parsons observes how it was that French colonists began to learn about Native environments and claimed a mandate to cultivate vegetation that did not differ all that much from that which they had left behind.As Parsons relates, colonists soon discovered that there were limits to what they could accomplish in their gardens. The strangeness of New France became woefully apparent, for example, when colonists found that they could not make French wine out of American grapes. They attributed the differences they discovered to Native American neglect and believed that the French colonial project would rehabilitate and restore the plant life in the region. However, the more colonists experimented with indigenous species and communicated their findings to the wider French Atlantic world, the more foreign New France appeared to French naturalists and even to the colonists themselves.Parsons demonstrates how the French experience of attempting to improve American environments supported not only the acquisition and incorporation of Native American knowledge but also the development of an emerging botanical science that focused on naming new species. Exploring the moment in which settlers, missionaries, merchants, and administrators believed in their ability to shape the environment to better resemble the country they left behind, A Not-So-New World reveals that French colonial ambitions were fueled by a vision of an ecologically sustainable empire.
Imperialism --- Horticulture --- Imperialism and science --- Canada --- France --- North America
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"Through ten case studies by international specialists, this book investigates the circulation and production of scientific knowledge between 1750 and 1945 in the fields of agriculture, astronomy, botany, cartography, medicine, statistics, and zoology. The book will interest scholars and undergraduate and graduate students concerned with the connections between the history of science, imperial history, and global history"--
Imperialism and science --- Science --- Science and state --- Social aspects --- History
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"The Routledge Handbook of Science and Empire introduces readers to important new research in the field of science and empire. This compilation of inquiry into the inextricably intertwined history of science and empire reframes the field, showing that one could not have grown without the other. The volume expands the history of science through careful attention to connections, exchanges, and networks beyond the scientific institutions of Europe and the United States. These 27 original essays by established scholars and new talent examine: scientific and imperial disciplines, networks of science, scientific practice within empires, and decolonised science. The chapters cover a wide range of disciplines, from anthropology and psychiatry to biology and geology. There is global coverage, with essays about China, Southeast Asia, the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand, India, the Middle East, Russia, the Arctic, and North and South America. Specialised essays cover Jesuit science, natural history collecting, energy systems, and science in UNESCO. With authoritative chapters by leading scholars, this is a guiding resource for all scholars of empire and science. Free of jargon and with clearly written essays, the handbook is a valuable path to further inquiry for any student of the history of science and empire"--
Science --- Imperialism and science. --- Social aspects --- History. --- Social aspects. --- Imperialism --- Impérialisme --- Science. --- Sciences --- Aspect social --- Histoire.
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L'Empire de la nature est une histoire des jardins botaniques établis dans les colonies européennes des Caraïbes, d'Asie et d'Afrique entre la fin du XVIIIe siècle et le début du XXe siècle. En tous lieux, ces jardins, enclaves de nature ordonnée, symboles d'une sauvagerie domptée, donnent à voir la maîtrise du monde naturel et sont institués comme des outils de la domination coloniale. Lieux de savoir botanique, pépinières de vente de plantes pour la colonie, espaces de contact pour les sociétés coloniales, les jardins botaniques sont envisagés dans leur dimension savante globale, leur fonction politique et leurs usages économiques. Aux mises en réseau entre les institutions métropolitaines et les jardins coloniaux répond une micro histoire de sites dont les destinées varient en fonction des empires et des territoires. L'Empire de la nature est également une histoire des jardins à ras de terre, se penchant sur les choix d'aménagement de l'espace, d'ordonnancement des espèces, d'ouverture ou de fermeture sur la ville coloniale. Celles et ceux qui traversent le jardin, qui y vivent, et surtout qui y travaillent sont au cœur de l'enquête. Savants étrangers, collecteurs et collecteuses de plantes, colons, planteurs, populations colonisées, travailleurs engagés sont mobilisés dans des entreprises qui reflètent et mettent en œuvre les ressorts de l'impérialisme européen. Dans les jardins, à l'ombre des allées de palmiers, lors des concerts dans les kiosques à musique, à l'herbarium ou dans la bibliothèque, au cœur des baraquements des jardiniers, dans la mise en ordre de la nature, mais aussi dans ses désordres, s'exprime toute la complexité des rapports entre savoirs, pouvoirs et construction sociale en situation coloniale. (éditeur).
Jardins botaniques --- Colonies européennes --- Botanical gardens --- Imperialism and science. --- Colonies. --- Europe --- Civilization --- Foreign influences.
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This book offers a survey of the most recent literature on decolonial psychology by scholars and practitioners engaged in this groundbreaking work.
Social psychiatry. --- Community psychology. --- Cross-cultural counseling. --- Imperialism and science. --- Decolonization --- Psychological aspects.
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The issue at stake in this volume is the role of science as a way to fulfil a quest for knowledge, a tool in the exploration of foreign lands, a central paradigm in the discourse on and representations of otherness. The interweaving of scientific and ideological discourses is not limited to the geopolitical frame of the British empire in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries but extends to the rise of the American empire as well. The fields of research tackled are human and social scie...
Imperialism and science. --- Science --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Science and imperialism --- Social aspects --- History
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"Standard histories of medicine celebrate brilliant Westerners such as Florence Nightingale and John Snow. In this unorthodox telling, Jim Downs turns our focus to another key group of contributors: the subjugated peoples-forced into close quarters by enslavement and empire-whose bodies were the experimental matter on which medical progress relied"--
Epidemiology --- Slaves --- Imperialism and science --- War --- Science and imperialism --- Science --- History --- Health and hygiene --- Medical aspects --- Medicine and war --- War and medicine --- Medicine, Military --- Imperialism and science. --- History. --- Health and hygiene. --- Medical aspects. --- Enslaved persons --- Persons --- Slavery --- Diseases --- Public health --- Enslaved persons. --- Épidémiologie --- Médecine --- Esclaves --- Colonisation --- Guerres --- history. --- Histoire. --- Santé et hygiène. --- Aspect médical.
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Time and Resistance in the Seleucid Empire investigates the relationship between the formal temporal structures projected by the Seleucid imperial court and the indigenous temporalities that responded to, undermined, and ultimately resisted these. The complex and competing temporalities of the Hellenistic East - a site of intense creativity in conceptualizing time - have either been unnoticed in scholarship or treated in isolation. Understanding the interactions of these time systems as a coherent phenomenon of cultural and political history will provide new contexts and integrated explanations for questions central to both the classical Mediterranean world - such as post-Alexander state formation and "Hellenization" - and Near Eastern and religious studies - such as textual canonization and the emergence of apocalyptic theologies. The book's first half explores, above all, the invention and institutionalization of the Seleucid Era year count. This was the world's first continuous, irreversible, accumulating, and transcendent count of historical duration. The second part examines the Seleucid subjects' intellectual, religious, and political responses to this radically new temporal order. These include, most significantly, the first emergence of apocalyptic eschatology, that is, total histories of the world, from beginning to predicted end.--
Time perception --- Seleucids --- Calendar --- Computus --- Astronomy --- Chronology, Historical --- Chronology --- Chronometry, Mental --- Duration, Intuition of --- Intuition of duration --- Mental chronometry --- Time --- Time, Cognition of --- Time estimation --- Orientation (Psychology) --- Perception --- History --- Imperialism and science --- Ethnoscience --- End of the world --- Calendar. --- End of the world. --- Ethnoscience. --- Imperialism and science. --- Seleucids. --- Time perception. --- Middle East.
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Explores the origins of modern anthropology in the European Enlightenment, and how it was intertwined with a complex history of colonialism and racism. --
Anthropology --- Enlightenment. --- Imperialism and science --- Racism in anthropology --- Anthropologie --- Siècle des Lumières. --- Impérialisme et sciences --- Racisme en anthropologie --- Enlightenment (18th-century western movement) --- Enlightenment --- History --- Histoire --- 1700-1799 --- Mouvement des Lumières. --- Impérialisme --- Anthropology. --- Imperialism and science. --- Racism in anthropology. --- Sciences
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C'est l'esclavage et le système colonial qui ont créé, au cours du XIXe siècle, les conditions de développement de l'épidémiologie, cette science qui étudie la transmission des maladies. Des cargaisons d'esclaves à préserver - moins par humanité que pour leur valeur économique - au réservoir presque illimité de cobayes fournis par ce commerce, cet ouvrage retrace les origines douloureuses d'une avancée médicale qui porta ses fruits dès la grande épidémie de choléra de 1856. Il raconte la naissance de l'épidémiologie dans les cales des bateaux d'esclaves, les cellules des prisons ou encore sur le front, en s'appuyant sur les riches archives de l'époque. Jim Downs revisite l'histoire des faits médicaux à la lumière du développement de la bureaucratie coloniale mais aussi au rythme des circulations et des échanges entre les différents territoires des empires coloniaux. Ces pratiques sont mises en relation avec l'évolution des théories médicales entre les XVIIIe et XIXe siècles portant sur les corps noirs. Ces derniers, utilisés à des fins de recherche, restent pourtant absents de tous les récits des médecins. Histoire sociale et médicale, cet ouvrage redonne aux esclaves, aux corps blessés des soldats, aux prisonniers et aux pèlerins une existence propre. --
Épidémiologie --- Médecine --- Colonisation --- Expérimentation humaine en médecine --- Histoire. --- Histoire --- Epidemiology --- Enslaved persons --- Imperialism and science. --- War --- History. --- Health and hygiene. --- Medical aspects. --- Esclaves --- Maladies infectieuses --- Communicable diseases --- Transmission --- Société
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