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Informationsstruktur bzw. Informationsstrukturierung ist ein Forschungsfeld, das seit einiger Zeit v.a. aus sprachtheoretischer Perspektive intensiv bearbeitet wird. Mit der sich stetig verbessernden Dokumentation und Beschreibung sibirischer Sprachen sind auch einige informationsstrukturelle Phänomene dieser Sprachen in den Fokus der Betrachtung gerückt. Der vorliegende Band befasst sich mit den Größen Topik, Fokus und Informationsstatus sowie ihren sprachlichen Realisierungen in fünf Sprachen Nordwestsibiriens, wobei die Morphosyntax im Zentrum der Betrachtung steht. Hierbei wird ein existierendes Modell zur Beschreibung von Informationsstruktur in generativem Framework auf gesprochensprachliche Daten angewendet sowie, wenn nötig, modifiziert und weiterentwickelt. Relevante sprachliche Phänomene in den Objektsprachen werden in diesem Zuge ebenso analysiert und beschrieben. Daher trägt der vorliegende Band sowohl zum theoretischen Verständnis des Themenkomplexes der Informationsstruktur als auch zur Beschreibung relevanter morphosyntaktischer Phänomene in den gewählten Einzelsprachen bei.
Siberian languages. --- generative syntax. --- information structure. --- morphosyntax.
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Programming languages (Electronic computers) --- 681.3*D30 --- Computerwetenschap--?*D30 --- Language Design --- Information Structure
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A pesar de la relevancia que ha cobrado durante los últimos años el estudio de la "estructura informativa", hay a la fecha relativamente pocos volúmenes dedicados al tema disponibles para el público de lengua española. En particular, existe un nicho no explotado de estudios escritos en español, sobre el español pero que examinen también lenguas minoritarias. Con este volumen colectivo se pretende: (i) acercar el estudio de la interfaz sintaxis-pragmática desde perspectivas tipológicas al público de habla española. (ii) dar énfasis a enfoques de corte funcionalista, basados en la descripción de discurso natural, e independientes de las categorías y formalizaciones de modelos gramaticales particulares; (iii) extender el estudio de la interfaz sintaxis-pragmática más allá de la articulación oracional en tópico/foco para incluir estudios ligados a la continuidad tópica, al modelo de la Estructura Argumental Preferida, y otros. (iii) reunir investigaciones originales sobre interfaz sintaxis-pragmática, consolidando los estudios que desde esta área se dedican al español pero también apoyando el desarrollo de aquellos ligados a lenguas minoritarias de América. Privileging functionalist approaches-based on descriptions of natural discourse and independent from formal grammatical models-, this collected volume gathers original contributions on the syntax-pragmatics interface in Spanish as well as in indigenous languages of the Americas, and explores related topics like topical continuity or Preferred Argument Structure.
Language --- Linguistics --- Semantics & pragmatics --- E-books --- Indigenous languages of the Americas. --- Information Structure. --- Pragmatics. --- Spanish.
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The volume demonstrates the interdependence of man's language capacity and his other conceptual capacities. This enables linguistic structures to be minimalised, and for extra-linguistic domains to provide much of the interpretations of sound and meaning. Underspecification is demonstrated in the word formation of Indo-European, Late Archaic Chinese and modern Khmer; on the word- and sentence levels by the event structures of German; and in the information structure predominantly of languages with the so-called free word order: German, Slavic languages, Arabic compared with English and the ton
Underspecification (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistic analysis (Linguistics) --- Underspecification --- Pragmatics --- Grammar. --- Information structure. --- word formation.
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Diese Einführung in die Pragmatik wurde mit dem Ziel konzipiert, neben den klassischen Themen speziell in aktuelle Theorien einzuführen, die für die Beschreibung des Deutschen relevant sind. Mehrere Forschungszweige der Pragmatik haben in den letzten Jahren zu einem wesentlich besseren Verständnis sprachlicher Phänomene geführt, die im Deutschen weit verbreitet sind. Die moderne Analyse von Fokus und Informationsstruktur erschließt die Systematik der "freien" Wortstellung des Deutschen. Theorien über kontextbezogene und emotive Bedeutungsteile erlauben es, die deutschen Modalpartikeln in ihrer Pragmatik zu erfassen. Dialogmodelle wie das Table-Modell haben interessante Anwendungen für deutsche Polaritätsphänomene. Sprachwandelphänomene können mit Hilfe der historischen Pragmatik erklärt werden. Das Lehrbuch fasst diese Themen erstmals in einem Kurs zusammen. Die Themen werden in einem einheitlichen notationellen Rahmen behandelt; der formale Serviceteil liefert Lesehilfen zum Einstieg in die Forschungsliteratur. Übungen und weiterführende Fragen ergänzen die jeweiligen Kapitel. This book provides an introduction to the fundamental terms in the field of pragmatics. Alongside classic topics – implicature, presupposition, speech acts, deixis – the focus is on a detailed understanding of the pragmatic phenomena of the German language. The volume presents and analyses German modal particles and the ‘free’ word order of the German language against the backdrop of current pragmatic theories.
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The volume is a collection of papers which apply Role & Reference Grammar (RRG) to African languages. RRG is a functional theory of syntax which has been developed on the basis of two leading questions: First, how would a syntactic theory look like which starts from ‘exotic’ languages rather than English? Second, how can the interaction between syntax, semantics and pragmatics in different grammatical systems best modelled and explained? Although RRG took linguistic diversity serious from its very beginning, African languages have been underrepresented in the development of the theory. Given the sheer number African languages deserve a wider coverage in a syntactic theory which takes linguistic diversity seriously. The volume is intended to fill this gap and comprises a selection of papers which investigate different aspects related to the syntax-semantics-pragmatics interface of different African languages. This includes: argument doubling and dislocation in iziZulu, complex referential phrases in Gĩkũyũ, serial verb constructions in Igbo, locative complements in Hausa and Zarma Chiine and focus constructions in Emai. The papers will extent the current RRG approach to new languages and phenomena.
African languages. --- Argument (linguistics). --- Grammar. --- Information structure. --- African languages --- Social aspects.
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This book is a grammatical description of Koromu (or Kesawai), an endangered and previously undescribed language in Papua New Guinea's Ramu Valley. Koromu belongs to the Madang subgroup of the putative Trans New Guinea family. The grammar covers the structures of the language, with an emphasis on information structure. Geographic, linguistic, social and historical setting are described as well as phonology and morphophonology. The book examines the morphosyntactic structures of the language, covering basic clause structure, word classes, phrase structures and structures of spatial reference, verbal morphology, serial verb constructions, experiencer object constructions and the various constructions of clause combining (clause chaining, complement clauses, adverbial and relative clauses). Chapters also deal with noun phrase (non)realisation and morphological signaling of prominence and show how links and tails are encoded grammatically. Appendices contain texts and a wordlist.
Language and languages. --- Papua New Guinea --- Indonesia --- Languages. --- Grammar. --- Information Structure. --- Koromu/Kesawai. --- New Guinea Language.
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This monograph is the first large-scale corpus analysis of French il y a clefts. While most research on clefts focusses on the English ‘prototypical’ it-cleft and its equivalents across languages, this study examines the lesser-known il y a clefts – of both presentational-eventive and specificational type – and provides an in-depth analysis of their syntactic, semantic and discourse-functional properties.In addition to an extensive literature review and a comparison with Italian c’è clefts and with French c’est clefts, the strength of the study lies in the critical approach it develops to the common definition of clefts. Several commonly used criteria for clefts are applied to the corpus data, revealing that these criteria often lead to ambiguous results. The reasons for this ambiguity are explored, thus leading to a better understanding of what constitutes a cleft. In this sense, the analysis will be of interest to specialists of Romance and non-Romance clefts alike.
French language --- Langue d'oïl --- Romance languages --- Clauses. --- E-books --- Clefts. --- Word Order. --- Corpus Analysis. --- French. --- Information Structure.
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This book reconsiders the linguistic notion of emphasis. For many, the concept of emphasis is confined to information structure. However, our understanding of the grammatical reflexes of emphasis is only partial as long as the expressive side of utterances is not taken into account. The book explores similarities, differences, and interactions between information structure and the expressive dimension of language in the domain of natural language grammar.Specifically, this monograph demonstrates that specific word order options, sometimes in combination with discourse particles, yield meaning effects that are typical for the expressive side of utterances and endow them with an exclamative flavor. Approaching this issue from a syntactic point of view, the book shows that there are syntactic categories (e.g., a certain class of particle verbs) and word orders (e.g., certain fronting patterns involving discourse particles) that directly connect to expressive meaning components. The work presented in this monograph combines theoretical analysis with experimental evidence from both perception and production studies.
Emphasis (Linguistics) --- Emphase (Linguistique) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Language and languages --- Syntax --- Syntax. --- E-books --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax --- Comparative Syntax. --- Expressive Meaning. --- Information Structure.
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Since natural languages exist in two different modalities – the visual-gestural modality of sign languages and the auditory-oral modality of spoken languages – it is obvious that all fields of research in modern linguistics will benefit from research on sign languages. Although previous studies have provided important insights into a wide range of phenomena of sign languages, there are still many aspects of sign languages that have not yet been investigated thoroughly. The structure of subordinated clauses is a case in point. The study of these complex syntactic structures in the visual-gestural modality adds to our understanding of linguistic variation in the domain of subordination. Moreover, it offers new empirical and theoretical evidence concerning possible structures and functions of subordination in natural languages. And last but not least, it answers the question to what extent the corresponding morphosyntactic and prosodic strategies depend on the modality of articulation and perception. This volume represents the first collection of papers by leading experts in the field investigating topics that go beyond the analysis of simple clauses. It thus contributes in innovative ways to recent debates about syntax, prosody, semantics, discourse structure, and information structure and their complex interrelation.
Sign language. --- Sign language --- Langage par signes --- Syntax. --- Syntaxe --- Grammar. --- Deaf --- Gesture language --- Language and languages --- Gesture --- Signs and symbols --- Information Structure. --- Prosody. --- Semantics. --- Sign Language.
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