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The shtetl was home to two-thirds of East Europe's Jews in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, yet it has long been one of the most neglected and misunderstood chapters of the Jewish experience. This book provides the first grassroots social, economic, and cultural history of the shtetl. Challenging popular misconceptions of the shtetl as an isolated, ramshackle Jewish village stricken by poverty and pogroms, Yohanan Petrovsky-Shtern argues that, in its heyday from the 1790s to the 1840s, the shtetl was a thriving Jewish community as vibrant as any in Europe.Petrovsky-Shtern brings this golden age to life, looking at dozens of shtetls and drawing on a wealth of never-before-used archival material. Illustrated throughout with rare archival photographs and artwork, this nuanced history casts the shtetl in an altogether new light, revealing how its golden age continues to shape the collective memory of the Jewish people today.

Ukraina. --- Ryssland. --- Agunah. --- Antisemitism. --- Arson. --- Banknote. --- Beit Hatfutsot. --- Belarus. --- Bratslav. --- Brewery. --- Bribery. --- Bureaucrat. --- Catherine the Great. --- Chabad. --- Commodity. --- Conscription. --- Contraband. --- Corporal punishment. --- Courtesy. --- Crime. --- Derazhnia. --- Dwelling. --- Eastern Galicia. --- Famine. --- Free trade. --- Hasid (term). --- Hebrew University of Jerusalem. --- Horse theft. --- Household. --- Humiliation. --- Ideology. --- Income. --- Isaac Bashevis Singer. --- Jews. --- Judaism. --- Kabbalah. --- Kerchief. --- Korets. --- Kremenets. --- Land of Israel. --- Landlord. --- Lithuania. --- Lviv. --- Magnate. --- Market town. --- Minyan. --- Mogilev. --- Moses. --- Narrative. --- Newspaper. --- Nickname. --- Obscenity. --- Ostrog (fortress). --- Pale of Settlement. --- Partitions of Poland. --- Paul I of Russia. --- Peasant. --- Persecution. --- Podolia. --- Pogrom. --- Poles. --- Pretext. --- Printing press. --- Proverb. --- Purim. --- Radomyshl. --- Rebbe. --- Residence. --- Retail. --- Roman Vishniac. --- Ruble. --- Rural area. --- Russian nationalism. --- Russians. --- Ruzhin (Hasidic dynasty). --- S. Ansky. --- Samovar. --- Serfdom. --- Shaul Stampfer. --- Shirt. --- Shlomo. --- Shtetl. --- Slavs. --- Slavuta. --- Smuggling. --- Sukkot. --- Szlachta. --- Tailor. --- Tatars. --- Tavern. --- Tax. --- Tel Aviv. --- Theft. --- Twersky. --- Ukrainians. --- Urbanization. --- Vodka. --- Volhynia. --- Wealth. --- Writing. --- Yid. --- Yiddish.

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Pioneering biblical critic, theorist of democracy, and legendary conflater of God and nature, Jewish philosopher Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) was excommunicated by the Sephardic Jews of Amsterdam in 1656 for his "horrible heresies" and "monstrous deeds." Yet, over the past three centuries, Spinoza's rupture with traditional Jewish beliefs and practices has elevated him to a prominent place in genealogies of Jewish modernity. The First Modern Jew provides a riveting look at how Spinoza went from being one of Judaism's most notorious outcasts to one of its most celebrated, if still highly controversial, cultural icons, and a powerful and protean symbol of the first modern secular Jew. Ranging from Amsterdam to Palestine and back again to Europe, the book chronicles Spinoza's posthumous odyssey from marginalized heretic to hero, the exemplar of a whole host of Jewish identities, including cosmopolitan, nationalist, reformist, and rejectionist. Daniel Schwartz shows that in fashioning Spinoza into "the first modern Jew," generations of Jewish intellectuals--German liberals, East European maskilim, secular Zionists, and Yiddishists--have projected their own dilemmas of identity onto him, reshaping the Amsterdam thinker in their own image. The many afterlives of Spinoza are a kind of looking glass into the struggles of Jewish writers over where to draw the boundaries of Jewishness and whether a secular Jewish identity is indeed possible. Cumulatively, these afterlives offer a kaleidoscopic view of modern Jewish cultureand a vivid history of an obsession with Spinoza that continues to this day.

Jewish philosophy. --- Jewish learning and scholarship --- Jews --- Philosophy, Jewish --- Philosophy, Israeli --- Identity, Jewish --- Jewish identity --- Jewishness --- Jewish law --- Jewish nationalism --- Learning and scholarship --- History. --- Intellectual life. --- Identity. --- Philosophy --- Ethnic identity --- Race identity --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- Intellectual life --- Spinoza, Benedictus de, --- Influence. --- Jewish philosophy --- History --- Identity --- Ispīnūzā, --- Spinoza, Baruch, --- Espinoza, Baruch d', --- Sbīnūzā, --- Espinosa, Baruch de, --- De Spinoza, Benedictus, --- Shpinozah, --- Shpinozah, Barukh, --- Spinoza, Benedict de, --- Spinoza, Barukh, --- Spinoza, Baruch de, --- Spinoza, Benoît de, --- ספינאזא, ברוך דע --- ספינאזא, ברוך, --- שפימוזה, ברוך --- שפינאזא, בענעדיקט --- שפינאזא, ברוך --- שפינאזע, ברוך --- שפינוזא, בנדיקטוס --- שפינוזהת ברוך, --- שפינוזה, ברוך --- שפינוזה, ברוך די, --- שפינוזה, ברוך, --- שפינוזה, ב. --- سبينوزا، بندكتس --- de Spinoza, Benedictus --- Baruch Spinoza. --- Berthold Auerbach. --- Der Shpinozist. --- Di familye mushkat. --- East European Haskalah. --- German thought. --- Hebrew Enlightenment. --- Isaac Bashevis Singer. --- Jewish Spinoza. --- Jewish Spinozist. --- Jewish beliefs. --- Jewish identity. --- Jewish intellectuals. --- Jewish modernity. --- Jewish movements. --- Jewish nationalism. --- Jewish origins. --- Jewish thought. --- Jewish writers. --- Jewishness. --- Judaism. --- Moses Mendelssohn. --- Salomon Rubin. --- Sephardic Jews. --- Spinoza appropriations. --- Spinoza themes. --- Spinoza. --- The Family Moskat. --- The Spinoza of Market Street. --- Western philosophy. --- Yiddish cultures. --- Yiddish literature. --- Yosef Klausner. --- Zionism. --- Zionist Spinoza. --- contextualists. --- early Reform Judaism. --- historical fiction. --- historical novels. --- maskil. --- modern Jewish culture. --- modern Jewish history. --- modern Jewish identity. --- modern secular Jews. --- mythmaking. --- national identity. --- presentists. --- radical Jewish modernity. --- reformist Jewish modernity. --- religious change. --- secular Jew. --- secular Jewish culture. --- secular Judaism. --- secularization. --- Spinoza, Benedictus de --- Spinoza, Baruch --- Spinoza, Benedict de

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Call It English identifies the distinctive voice of Jewish American literature by recovering the multilingual Jewish culture that Jews brought to the United States in their creative encounter with English. In transnational readings of works from the late-nineteenth century to the present by both immigrant and postimmigrant generations, Hana Wirth-Nesher traces the evolution of Yiddish and Hebrew in modern Jewish American prose writing through dialect and accent, cross-cultural translations, and bilingual wordplay. Call It English tells a story of preoccupation with pronunciation, diction, translation, the figurality of Hebrew letters, and the linguistic dimension of home and exile in a culture constituted of sacred, secular, familial, and ancestral languages. Through readings of works by Abraham Cahan, Mary Antin, Henry Roth, Delmore Schwartz, Bernard Malamud, Saul Bellow, Cynthia Ozick, Grace Paley, Philip Roth, Aryeh Lev Stollman, and other writers, it demonstrates how inventive literary strategies are sites of loss and gain, evasion and invention. The first part of the book examines immigrant writing that enacts the drama of acquiring and relinquishing language in an America marked by language debates, local color writing, and nativism. The second part addresses multilingual writing by native-born authors in response to Jewish America's postwar social transformation and to the Holocaust. A profound and eloquently written exploration of bilingual aesthetics and cross-cultural translation, Call It English resounds also with pertinence to other minority and ethnic literatures in the United States.

American literature --- Bilingualism --- Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), in literature. --- Jews in literature. --- Jews --- Judaism and literature --- Language and languages in literature. --- Multilingualism --- Jewish authors --- History and criticism. --- Intellectual life. --- Languages. --- United States --- Literatures --- History and criticism --- Holocaust [Jewish ] (1939-1945) in literature --- Intellectual life --- Languages --- Cahan, Abraham --- Criticism and interpretation --- Schwartz, Delmore --- Paley, Grace --- Malamud, Bernard --- Antin, Mary --- Roth, Henry --- Bellow, Saul --- Ozick, Cynthia --- Roth, Philip --- Stollman, Aryeh Lev --- Plurilingualism --- Polyglottism --- Language and languages --- Hebrews --- Israelites --- Jewish people --- Jewry --- Judaic people --- Judaists --- Ethnology --- Religious adherents --- Semites --- Judaism --- ABŞ --- ABSh --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- America (Republic) --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- Amerika (Republic) --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi︠a︡vks Shtattnė --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Amirika Carékat --- AQSh --- Ar. ha-B. --- Arhab --- Artsot ha-Berit --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Bí-kok --- Ē.P.A. --- EE.UU. --- Egyesült Államok --- ĒPA --- Estados Unidos --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- Estados Unidos de América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- Forente stater --- FS --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Istadus Unidus --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Mei guo --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mî-koet --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miguk --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- S.U.A. --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērikā --- SASht --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Si︠e︡vero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si︠e︡vernoĭ Ameriki --- Spojené obce severoamerické --- Spojené staty americké --- SShA --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Stati Uniti --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Stâts Unîts --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- SUA (Stati Uniti d'America) --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- U.S. --- U.S.A. --- United States of America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- US --- USA --- Usono --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- Verenigde Staten --- VS --- VSA --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígíí --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Yhdysvallat --- Yunaeted Stet --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- Zʹi︠e︡dnani Derz︠h︡avy Ameryky --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Zluchanyi︠a︡ Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz︠h︡avy --- ZSA --- Η.Π.Α. --- Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες της Αμερικής --- Америка (Republic) --- Американь Вейтьсэндявкс Штаттнэ --- Америкӑри Пӗрлешӳллӗ Штатсем --- САЩ --- Съединените щати --- Злучаныя Штаты Амерыкі --- ولايات المتحدة --- ولايات المتّحدة الأمريكيّة --- ولايات المتحدة الامريكية --- 미국 --- États-Unis --- É.-U. --- ÉU --- Abraham Cahan. --- Alfred Kazin. --- Allen Ginsberg. --- American Pastoral. --- Angels in America (miniseries). --- Anne Frank. --- Anti-Zionism. --- Apostrophe. --- Bar and Bat Mitzvah. --- Bartleby, the Scrivener. --- Bernstein. --- Bildungsroman. --- Blood libel. --- Call It Sleep. --- Chaim Grade. --- Charles Reznikoff. --- Conversion to Judaism. --- Cynthia Ozick. --- Dan Miron. --- Delmore Schwartz. --- Diaspora Jew (stereotype). --- Emma Lazarus. --- English poetry. --- Geoffrey Hartman. --- Gershom Scholem. --- Gilded Age. --- Gimpel the Fool. --- God Knows (novel). --- Grace Paley. --- Haggadah. --- Hamlin Garland. --- Hebrew school. --- Henry Louis Gates Jr. --- Hineni. --- His Family. --- Holocaust victims. --- In Parenthesis. --- Isaac Bashevis Singer. --- James Russell Lowell. --- Jargon. --- Jeremiad. --- Jewish American literature. --- Jewish Publication Society. --- Jewish culture. --- Jewish mysticism. --- Jews. --- Jo Sinclair. --- Joseph Conrad. --- Joseph Perl. --- Judaism. --- Kabbalah. --- Karl Shapiro. --- Leslie Fiedler. --- Literary modernism. --- Lore Segal. --- Lycidas. --- Mark Twain. --- Mary Antin. --- Matzo. --- Maus. --- Meister Eckhart. --- Mezuzah. --- Mintz. --- Orthodox Judaism. --- Otto Weininger. --- Pale of Settlement. --- Parody. --- Paul Celan. --- Poetry. --- Portnoy's Complaint. --- Pun. --- Purim. --- Ralph Waldo Emerson. --- Rebbetzin. --- Religion. --- Romanticism. --- Ruth Wisse. --- S. Ansky. --- Sadducees. --- Saul Bellow. --- Schnorrer. --- Scholem. --- Shekhina (book). --- Shlomo. --- Stereotypes of Jews. --- Tadeusz Borowski. --- Tevye. --- The Jewbird. --- The Joys of Yiddish. --- The Other Hand. --- The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. --- The Shawl (Ozick). --- Theodore Dreiser. --- Uncle Tom. --- Wai Chee Dimock. --- Writing. --- Yeshiva. --- Yiddish. --- Yinglish. --- Zionism.