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Dissertation
Study of macronutrient dynamics and biomass production of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in no-till integrated crop-livestock systems under two types of fertilisation in southern Brazil
Authors: --- --- --- --- --- et al.
Year: 2024 Publisher: Liège Université de Liège (ULiège)

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Abstract

As a result of rising food demand and evolving production technologies, modern agriculture
is now characterised by standardised and efficient monoculture systems. This type of agricul
tural production is common in rural areas around the world, but is beginning to show signs of
saturation due to its high demand for energy and natural resources. Dependence on chemical
fertilisers has a significant impact on soil fertility, making farming systems increasingly vulner
able. Integrating livestock into farming systems has been shown to improve system resilience.
In addition, a new approach to fertilisation is emerging, known as systemic fertilisation. This
technique is based on the conceptual framework that fertilisers should be applied during the
phase of the system when nutrient extraction is lowest and nutrient recycling capacity is high
est. To evaluate the combination of these two promising techniques, this work compared the
macronutrient dynamics and biomass production of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in inte
grated cropping systems with a cropping system subjected to two types of fertilisation in the
Rio Grande do Sul region of southern Brazil. The conventional cropping system consisted of
a soybean crop followed by an non-grazed Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) cover
crop. The ICLS system consisted of a rotation of soybean and Italian ryegrass grazed by sheep
in winter. In the conventional fertilisation strategy, phosphorus and potassium were applied
when the soya was sown and nitrogen when the Italian ryegrass was planted. In the fertilisa
tion system used, all nutrients were applied at the time of Italian ryegrass establishment. The
results indicate that the integration of ICLS and systemic fertilisation improved the availability
of nutrients in the soil. This allowed the plant to assimilate these elements more efficiently
during its vegetative growth cycle, leading to an increase in biomass production compared to
ungrazed systems. Favourable soil nutrient conditions led to an increase in the photosynthetic
parameters of ICLS soybean plants, which declined more slowly at the end of the cycle. How
ever, no difference in yield was observed between the systems. This could be explained by
methodological limitations, differences in sampling or the possible influence of abiotic factors.
In conclusion, this study has shown that ICLS combined with systemic fertilisation is a po
tential means of increasing food production and improving the sustainability and productivity
of agro-ecosystems. However, in view of the results of the present study, there are a num
ber of avenues for further research, such as further investigation of soil-plant interactions at
different horizons or the development of predictive models in different soil and climate contexts. En raison de l’augmentation de la demande alimentaire et de l’évolution des technologies de
production, l’agriculture moderne se caractérise aujourd’hui par des systèmes de monoculture
standardisés et efficaces. Ce type de production agricole est courant dans les zones rurales
du monde entier, mais commence à montrer des signes de saturation en raison de sa forte de
mande en énergie et en ressources naturelles. La dépendance à l’égard des engrais chimiques
a un impact significatif sur la fertilité des sols, ce qui rend les systèmes agricoles de plus en
plus vulnérables. Il a été démontré que l’intégration de l’élevage dans les systèmes agricoles
améliorait la résilience de ces derniers. En outre, une nouvelle approche de fertilisation, connue
sous le nom de fertilisation systémique, est en train d’émerger. Cette technique est basée sur
le cadre conceptuel selon lequel les engrais doivent être appliqués pendant la phase du système
où l’extraction des éléments nutritifs est plus faible et où la capacité de recyclage des éléments
nutritifs est plus élevée. Pour évaluer la combinaison de ces deux techniques prometteuses,
ce travail a comparé la dynamique des macronutriments et la production de biomasse du soja
(Glycine max (L.) Merr.) dans un système intégré culture-élevage avec un système de cul
ture conventionnel soumis à deux types de fertilisation dans la région du Rio Grande do Sul,
dans le sud du Brésil. Le système de culture conventionnel consistait en une culture de soja
suivie d’une culture de couverture de ray-grass italien non pâturée. L’ICLS consistait en une
rotation de soja et de ray-grass italien (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pâturé par des moutons en
hiver. Dans la stratégie de fertilisation conventionnelle, le phosphore et le potassium ont été
appliqués au moment de l’ensemencement du soja et l’azote au moment de la plantation du
ray-grass italien. Dans le système de fertilisation utilisé, tous les nutriments ont été appliqués
au moment de l’implantation du ray-grass italien. Les résultats indiquent que l’intégration
de l’ICLS et de la fertilisation systémique a amélioré la disponibilité des nutriments dans le
sol. Cela a permis à la plante d’assimiler ces éléments plus efficacement pendant son cycle de
croissance végétative, ce qui a entraîné une augmentation de la production de biomasse par
rapport aux systèmes non pâturés. Les conditions nutritives favorables du sol ont entraîné une
augmentation des paramètres photosynthétiques des plants de soja ICLS, qui ont diminué plus
lentement à la fin du cycle. Cependant, aucune différence de rendement n’a été observée entre
les systèmes. Cela pourrait s’expliquer par des limitations méthodologiques, des différences
d’échantillonnage ou l’influence possible de facteurs abiotiques. En conclusion, cette étude a
montré que l’ICLS combiné à la fertilisation systémique est un moyen potentiel d’augmenter
la production alimentaire et d’améliorer la durabilité et la productivité des agro-écosystèmes.
Cependant, au vu des résultats de la présente étude, il existe un certain nombre de pistes de
recherche, telles que l’étude plus approfondie des interactions sol-plante à différents horizons
ou le développement de modèles prédictifs dans différents contextes pédoclimatiques.


Dissertation
DNA marker assisted selection for yield and quality traits in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.)
Authors: ---
ISBN: 9789059891883 Year: 2007


Book
Pesticidal Plants: From Smallholder Use to Commercialisation
Authors: --- ---
ISBN: 3039287893 3039287885 Year: 2020 Publisher: MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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The global biodiversity and climate emergencies demand transformative changes to human activities. For example, food production relies on synthetic, industrial and non-sustainable products for managing pests, weeds and diseases of crops. Sustainable farming requires approaches to managing these agricultural constraints that are more environmentally benign and work with rather than against nature. Increasing pressure on synthetic products has reinvigorated efforts to identify alternative pest management options, including plant-based solutions that are environmentally benign and can be tailored to different farmers’ needs, from commercial to small holder and subsistence farming. Botanical insecticides and pesticidal plants can offer a novel, effective and more sustainable alternative to synthetic products for controlling pests, diseases and weeds. This Special Issue reviews and reports the latest developments in plant-based pesticides from identification of bioactive plant chemicals, mechanisms of activity and validation of their use in horticulture and disease vector control. Other work reports applications in rice weeds, combination biopesticides and how chemistry varies spatially and influences the effectiveness of botanicals in different locations. Three reviews assess wider questions around the potential of plant-based pest management to address the global challenges of new, invasive and established crop pests and as-yet underexploited pesticidal plants.


Book
Heavy Metals Accumulation, Toxicity and Detoxification in Plants
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

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Abstract

In recent years, heavy metals have been widely used in agricultural, chemical, domestic, and technological applications, causing environmental and soil contaminations. Heavy metals enter the plant system through soil or via the atmosphere, and can accumulate, affecting physiological processes, plant growth, yield, and human health if heavy metals are stored in edible tissues. Understanding the regulation mechanisms of plant heavy metals accumulation and partitioning is important to improve the safety of the food chain. In this Special Issue book, a total of 19 articles were included; four reviews covering phytoremediation, manganese phytotoxicity in plants, the effect of cadmium on plant development, the genetic characteristics of Cd accumulation, and the research status of genes and QTLs in rice, respectively, as well as fifteen original research articles, mainly regarding the impact of cadmium on plants. Cadmium was therefore the predominant topic of this Special Issue, increasing the attention of the research community on the negative impacts determined by cadmium or cadmium associated with other heavy metals. The articles have highlighted a great genetic variability, suggesting different possibilities for accumulation, translocation and the reduction or control of heavy metal toxicity in plants.

Keywords

Technology: general issues --- cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) --- transcriptome --- Cd stress --- GhHMAD5 --- overexpression --- VIGS (virus induced gene silence) --- cadmium --- glycinebetaine --- photosynthesis --- ultrastructure --- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) --- Cadmium --- hyperaccumulator --- Viola baoshanensis --- detoxification --- Cd --- PtoABCG36 --- tolerance --- poplar --- accumulation --- efflux --- phytoremediation --- heavy metals --- hyperaccumulation --- plant genotype improvement --- soil management --- cadmium accumulation --- absorption and transport --- QTL location --- mapping population --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- selenium --- cadmium stress --- auxin --- root architecture --- phosphate transporter --- Nicotiana tabacum --- oxidative stress --- cell cycle --- cell wall --- germination --- reproduction --- plant growth and development --- antioxidative system --- Brassicaceae family --- mitogen-activated protein kinases --- Ulva compressa --- antioxidant --- metal chelator --- in vivo chlorophyll a florescence --- physiology --- mitogen activated protein kinases --- metal accumulation --- DNA methylation --- ABCC transporters --- HMA2 --- wheat --- metal stress tolerance --- manganese toxicity --- Mn detoxification --- tolerance mechanism --- gene function --- subcellular compartment --- lead --- nicotianamine --- mugineic acid --- heavy metal --- toxic metal --- durum wheat --- Arabidopsis --- small heat shock protein --- OsMSR3 --- copper stress --- reactive oxygen species --- copper and zinc --- expression in bacteria --- metallothioneins --- marine alga --- Brassica campestris L. --- glutathione synthetase --- glutathione S-transferase --- alternative splicing --- Italian ryegrass root --- LmAUX1 --- hormesis --- growth --- chlorophyll a fluorescence --- cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) --- transcriptome --- Cd stress --- GhHMAD5 --- overexpression --- VIGS (virus induced gene silence) --- cadmium --- glycinebetaine --- photosynthesis --- ultrastructure --- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) --- Cadmium --- hyperaccumulator --- Viola baoshanensis --- detoxification --- Cd --- PtoABCG36 --- tolerance --- poplar --- accumulation --- efflux --- phytoremediation --- heavy metals --- hyperaccumulation --- plant genotype improvement --- soil management --- cadmium accumulation --- absorption and transport --- QTL location --- mapping population --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- selenium --- cadmium stress --- auxin --- root architecture --- phosphate transporter --- Nicotiana tabacum --- oxidative stress --- cell cycle --- cell wall --- germination --- reproduction --- plant growth and development --- antioxidative system --- Brassicaceae family --- mitogen-activated protein kinases --- Ulva compressa --- antioxidant --- metal chelator --- in vivo chlorophyll a florescence --- physiology --- mitogen activated protein kinases --- metal accumulation --- DNA methylation --- ABCC transporters --- HMA2 --- wheat --- metal stress tolerance --- manganese toxicity --- Mn detoxification --- tolerance mechanism --- gene function --- subcellular compartment --- lead --- nicotianamine --- mugineic acid --- heavy metal --- toxic metal --- durum wheat --- Arabidopsis --- small heat shock protein --- OsMSR3 --- copper stress --- reactive oxygen species --- copper and zinc --- expression in bacteria --- metallothioneins --- marine alga --- Brassica campestris L. --- glutathione synthetase --- glutathione S-transferase --- alternative splicing --- Italian ryegrass root --- LmAUX1 --- hormesis --- growth --- chlorophyll a fluorescence


Book
Heavy Metals Accumulation, Toxicity and Detoxification in Plants
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

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Bookmark

Abstract

In recent years, heavy metals have been widely used in agricultural, chemical, domestic, and technological applications, causing environmental and soil contaminations. Heavy metals enter the plant system through soil or via the atmosphere, and can accumulate, affecting physiological processes, plant growth, yield, and human health if heavy metals are stored in edible tissues. Understanding the regulation mechanisms of plant heavy metals accumulation and partitioning is important to improve the safety of the food chain. In this Special Issue book, a total of 19 articles were included; four reviews covering phytoremediation, manganese phytotoxicity in plants, the effect of cadmium on plant development, the genetic characteristics of Cd accumulation, and the research status of genes and QTLs in rice, respectively, as well as fifteen original research articles, mainly regarding the impact of cadmium on plants. Cadmium was therefore the predominant topic of this Special Issue, increasing the attention of the research community on the negative impacts determined by cadmium or cadmium associated with other heavy metals. The articles have highlighted a great genetic variability, suggesting different possibilities for accumulation, translocation and the reduction or control of heavy metal toxicity in plants.

Keywords

Technology: general issues --- cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) --- transcriptome --- Cd stress --- GhHMAD5 --- overexpression --- VIGS (virus induced gene silence) --- cadmium --- glycinebetaine --- photosynthesis --- ultrastructure --- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) --- Cadmium --- hyperaccumulator --- Viola baoshanensis --- detoxification --- Cd --- PtoABCG36 --- tolerance --- poplar --- accumulation --- efflux --- phytoremediation --- heavy metals --- hyperaccumulation --- plant genotype improvement --- soil management --- cadmium accumulation --- absorption and transport --- QTL location --- mapping population --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- selenium --- cadmium stress --- auxin --- root architecture --- phosphate transporter --- Nicotiana tabacum --- oxidative stress --- cell cycle --- cell wall --- germination --- reproduction --- plant growth and development --- antioxidative system --- Brassicaceae family --- mitogen-activated protein kinases --- Ulva compressa --- antioxidant --- metal chelator --- in vivo chlorophyll a florescence --- physiology --- mitogen activated protein kinases --- metal accumulation --- DNA methylation --- ABCC transporters --- HMA2 --- wheat --- metal stress tolerance --- manganese toxicity --- Mn detoxification --- tolerance mechanism --- gene function --- subcellular compartment --- lead --- nicotianamine --- mugineic acid --- heavy metal --- toxic metal --- durum wheat --- Arabidopsis --- small heat shock protein --- OsMSR3 --- copper stress --- reactive oxygen species --- copper and zinc --- expression in bacteria --- metallothioneins --- marine alga --- Brassica campestris L. --- glutathione synthetase --- glutathione S-transferase --- alternative splicing --- Italian ryegrass root --- LmAUX1 --- hormesis --- growth --- chlorophyll a fluorescence --- n/a


Book
Heavy Metals Accumulation, Toxicity and Detoxification in Plants
Authors: ---
Year: 2020 Publisher: Basel, Switzerland MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute

Loading...
Export citation

Choose an application

Bookmark

Abstract

In recent years, heavy metals have been widely used in agricultural, chemical, domestic, and technological applications, causing environmental and soil contaminations. Heavy metals enter the plant system through soil or via the atmosphere, and can accumulate, affecting physiological processes, plant growth, yield, and human health if heavy metals are stored in edible tissues. Understanding the regulation mechanisms of plant heavy metals accumulation and partitioning is important to improve the safety of the food chain. In this Special Issue book, a total of 19 articles were included; four reviews covering phytoremediation, manganese phytotoxicity in plants, the effect of cadmium on plant development, the genetic characteristics of Cd accumulation, and the research status of genes and QTLs in rice, respectively, as well as fifteen original research articles, mainly regarding the impact of cadmium on plants. Cadmium was therefore the predominant topic of this Special Issue, increasing the attention of the research community on the negative impacts determined by cadmium or cadmium associated with other heavy metals. The articles have highlighted a great genetic variability, suggesting different possibilities for accumulation, translocation and the reduction or control of heavy metal toxicity in plants.

Keywords

cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) --- transcriptome --- Cd stress --- GhHMAD5 --- overexpression --- VIGS (virus induced gene silence) --- cadmium --- glycinebetaine --- photosynthesis --- ultrastructure --- tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) --- Cadmium --- hyperaccumulator --- Viola baoshanensis --- detoxification --- Cd --- PtoABCG36 --- tolerance --- poplar --- accumulation --- efflux --- phytoremediation --- heavy metals --- hyperaccumulation --- plant genotype improvement --- soil management --- cadmium accumulation --- absorption and transport --- QTL location --- mapping population --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- selenium --- cadmium stress --- auxin --- root architecture --- phosphate transporter --- Nicotiana tabacum --- oxidative stress --- cell cycle --- cell wall --- germination --- reproduction --- plant growth and development --- antioxidative system --- Brassicaceae family --- mitogen-activated protein kinases --- Ulva compressa --- antioxidant --- metal chelator --- in vivo chlorophyll a florescence --- physiology --- mitogen activated protein kinases --- metal accumulation --- DNA methylation --- ABCC transporters --- HMA2 --- wheat --- metal stress tolerance --- manganese toxicity --- Mn detoxification --- tolerance mechanism --- gene function --- subcellular compartment --- lead --- nicotianamine --- mugineic acid --- heavy metal --- toxic metal --- durum wheat --- Arabidopsis --- small heat shock protein --- OsMSR3 --- copper stress --- reactive oxygen species --- copper and zinc --- expression in bacteria --- metallothioneins --- marine alga --- Brassica campestris L. --- glutathione synthetase --- glutathione S-transferase --- alternative splicing --- Italian ryegrass root --- LmAUX1 --- hormesis --- growth --- chlorophyll a fluorescence --- n/a

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