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By the mid-19th century, when Japan was still largely closed to the West, smallpox epidemics had killed an estimated ten percent of the Japanese population. This text details the appalling cost of Japan's almost 300 year isolation and examines in depth a nation on the cusp of political and social upheaval.

Smallpox vaccine --- Smallpox --- J7000.70 --- J7018.60 --- J7900 --- J7910 --- Small pox --- Variola --- Varioloid --- Poxvirus diseases --- Viral vaccines --- History --- Vaccination --- Japan: Science and technology -- history -- Kindai (1850s- ), bakumatsu, Meiji, Taishō --- Japan: Science and technology -- Rangaku and yōgaku -- medical science --- Japan: Science and technology -- medical science -- general and history --- Japan: Science and technology -- medical science -- public health and general hygiene --- History.

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Medicine --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- History. --- Japan --- History --- Netherlands --- J7900 --- J7018.60 --- J7000.60 --- Japan: Natural sciences and technology -- medical science -- general and history --- Japan: Natural sciences and technology -- Rangaku and yōgaku -- medical science --- Japan: Natural sciences and technology -- history -- Kinsei, Edo, Tokugawa period, early modern (1600-1867) --- Health Workforce --- Japan: Science and technology -- medical science -- general and history --- Japan: Science and technology -- Rangaku and yōgaku -- medical science --- Japan: Science and technology -- history -- Kinsei, Edo, Tokugawa period, early modern (1600-1867)

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J7000.60 --- J7018 --- J4000.60 --- J4140.60 --- Japan: Natural sciences and technology -- history -- Kinsei, Edo, Tokugawa period, early modern (1600-1867) --- Japan: Natural sciences and technology -- Rangaku and yōgaku --- Japan: Social history, history of civilization -- Kinsei, Edo, Tokugawa period, early modern (1600-1867) --- Japan: Sociology and anthropology -- cultural history -- Kinsei, Edo, Tokugawa period, early modern (1600-1867) --- Nihon-Rekishi-Edo jidai. --- Nihon-Taigai kankei-Rekishi. --- Japan --- Foreign relations --- History --- J4150.60 --- Japan: Science and technology -- history -- Kinsei, Edo, Tokugawa period, early modern (1600-1867) --- Japan: Science and technology -- Rangaku and yōgaku

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HIS History & Biographies --- Japan --- biography --- botanists --- expeditions --- history of science --- portraits --- J2297.51 --- J3365 --- J7530 --- J7550 --- J7018.50 --- J7000.60 --- Europe: Genealogy and biography of Germany (West) --- Japan: History -- Kinsei, Edo period -- 19th century general --- Japan: Natural sciences and technology -- biology -- botany, flora --- Japan: Natural sciences and technology -- biology -- zoology, fauna --- Japan: Natural sciences and technology -- Rangaku and yōgaku -- biology, botany and zoology --- Japan: Natural sciences and technology -- history -- Kinsei, Edo, Tokugawa period, early modern (1600-1867) --- Japan: Science and technology -- biology -- botany, flora --- Japan: Science and technology -- biology -- zoology, fauna --- Japan: Science and technology -- Rangaku and yōgaku -- biology, botany and zoology --- Japan: Science and technology -- history -- Kinsei, Edo, Tokugawa period, early modern (1600-1867)

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J4542.25 --- J4300.60 --- J8000.60 --- J7018 --- Japan: Economy and industry -- commerce and trade -- international trade, economic relations and policy -- Europe -- Netherlands --- Japan: Economy and industry -- history -- Kinsei, Edo, Tokugawa period, early modern (1600-1867) --- Japan: Technology and industry -- history -- Kinsei, Edo, Tokugawa period, early modern (1600-1867) --- Japan: Natural sciences and technology -- Rangaku and yōgaku --- Material culture --- Culture --- Folklore --- Technology --- Europe --- Japan --- Nihon --- Nippon --- Iapōnia --- Zhāpān --- I︠A︡ponii︠a︡ --- Yapan --- Japon --- Japão --- Japam --- Mư̄ang Yīpun --- Prathēt Yīpun --- Yīpun --- Jih-pen --- Riben --- Government of Japan --- 日本 --- 日本国 --- Nipponkoku --- Nippon-koku --- Nihonkoku --- Nihon-koku --- State of Japan --- Япония --- Japani --- اليابان --- al-Yābān --- يابان --- Yābān --- Japonsko --- Giappone --- Japonia --- Japonya --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Commerce --- History --- J7000.60 --- Japan: Science and technology -- Rangaku and yōgaku --- Japan: Science and technology -- history -- Kinsei, Edo, Tokugawa period, early modern (1600-1867) --- Jepun --- Yapon --- Yapon Ulus --- I︠A︡pon --- Япон --- I︠A︡pon Uls --- Япон Улс