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Didactic poetry, Greek --- Geography, Ancient, in literature --- History and criticism --- Pseudo-Scymnus --- Black Sea --- In literature --- Pseudo-Scymnus. --- Chernoe more --- Chernoye more --- Chorne more --- Euxine Sea --- Karadeniz --- Marea Neagră --- Pontus Euxinus --- In literature. --- Didactic poetry, Greek - History and criticism --- Pseudo-Scymnus - Orbis descriptio --- Black Sea - In literature

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Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress on Black Sea Antiquities (Belgrade - 17-21 September 2013). The theme of the congress included archaeological, historical, linguistic, anthropological, geographical and other investigations across the huge area through which the Argonauts passed in seeking to return from Colchis.

Danube River Valley --- Black Sea --- Antiquities --- Chernoe more --- Chernoye more --- Chorne more --- Euxine Sea --- Karadeniz --- Marea Neagră --- Pontus Euxinus --- Danube Valley --- Black Sea Region --- Adriatic Coast (Balkan Peninsula) --- Noire, Région de la mer --- Danube, Vallée du --- Adriatique, Côte de l' (Balkans) --- Congresses --- Antiquités --- Congrès

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Oceanography --- Chemical oceanography --- Marine ecology --- Marine pollution --- Marine resources conservation --- Conservation of marine resources --- Marine conservation --- Marine environmental protection --- Marine protection --- Aquatic resources conservation --- Marine environment pollution --- Marine water pollution --- Ocean pollution --- Offshore water pollution --- Sea pollution --- Seawater --- Coastal zone management --- Pollution --- Water --- Biological oceanography --- Marine ecosystems --- Ocean --- Aquatic ecology --- Marine chemistry --- Water chemistry --- Ecology --- Black Sea --- Chernoe more --- Chernoye more --- Chorne more --- Euxine Sea --- Karadeniz --- Marea Neagră --- Pontus Euxinus --- Environmental conditions.

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The inclusion of the Black Sea basin into the long-distance trade network – with its two axes of the Silk Road through the Golden Horde (Urgench-Sarai-Tana/Caffa) and the Spice Road through the Ilkhanate (Ormuz-Tabriz-Trebizond) – was the two Mongol states’ most important contribution to making the sea a “crossroads of international commerce”. The closest recorded working relationship between European and Asian powers in the medieval period, achieved by the joint efforts of the Chinggisid rulers and the Italian merchant republics, was not realised via the usual geographic channels of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Fertile Crescent, but rather by roundabout routes to the Black Sea. Thus at the same time as the sea fulfilled its function as a crossroads of long-distance Eurasian trade, it was also a bypass.

Black Sea Region -- Commerce -- History. --- Black Sea Region -- Economic conditions. --- Europe -- Commerce -- Golden Horde. --- Golden Horde -- Commerce -- Europe. --- Mongols -- Commerce -- Black Sea Region. --- Mongols --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- Local Commerce --- Golden Horde --- Europe --- Black Sea Region --- History. --- Economic conditions. --- Mongolians --- Council of Europe countries --- Bolʹshai︠a︡ Orda --- Empire of the Golden Horde --- Golden Horde Khanate --- Great Horde --- Khanate of the Golden Horde --- Kipchak (Khanate) --- Takht ėli --- Ulus Juchi --- Zolotai︠a︡ Orda --- Zolotaya Orda --- Altaic peoples --- Ethnology --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Ulus Dz︠h︡uchy --- Zolota Orda --- Улус Джучи --- Black Sea --- E-books --- Chernoe more --- Chernoye more --- Chorne more --- Euxine Sea --- Karadeniz --- Marea Neagră --- Pontus Euxinus --- Золота Орда --- Altın Orda

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Stimulated by "Noah’s Flood Hypothesis" proposed by W. Ryan and W. Pitman in which a catastrophic inundation of the Pontic basin was linked to the biblical story, leading experts in Black Sea research (including oceanography, marine geology, paleoclimate, paleoenvironment, archaeology, and linguistic spread) provide overviews of their data and interpretations obtained through empirical scientific approaches. Among the contributors are many East European scientists whose work has rarely been published outside of Cyrillic. Each of the 35 papers marshals its own evidence for or against the flood hypothesis. No summary or overall resolution to the flood question is presented, but instead access is provided to a broad range of interdisciplinary information that crosses previously impenetrable language barriers so that new work in the region can proceed with the benefit of a wider frame of reference. The three fundamental scenarios describing the late glacial to Holocene rise in the level of the Black Sea—catastrophic, gradual, and oscillating—are presented in the early pages, with the succeeding papers organized by geographic sector: northern (Ukraine), western (Moldova, Romania, and Bulgaria), southern (Turkey), and eastern (Georgia and Russia), as well as three papers on the Mediterranean. The volume thus brings together eastern and western scholarship to share research findings and perspectives on a controversial subject. In addition, appendices are included containing some 600 radiocarbon dates from the Pontic region obtained by USSR and western laboratories. Audience Scientists, researchers and students in geology, climatology, archeology, oceanography, linguistics, history, geography as well as Black Sea specialists. .

Geology --- Black Sea --- History --- Chernoe more --- Chernoye more --- Chorne more --- Euxine Sea --- Karadeniz --- Marea Neagră --- Pontus Euxinus --- Geognosy --- Geoscience --- Earth sciences --- Natural history --- Geography. --- Geochemistry. --- Oceanography. --- Paleontology . --- Archaeology. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Climate Change Management and Policy. --- Paleontology. --- Archeology --- Anthropology --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Antiquities --- Fossilogy --- Fossilology --- Palaeontology --- Paleontology, Zoological --- Paleozoology --- Historical geology --- Zoology --- Fossils --- Prehistoric animals in motion pictures --- Oceanography, Physical --- Oceanology --- Physical oceanography --- Thalassography --- Marine sciences --- Ocean --- Chemical composition of the earth --- Chemical geology --- Geological chemistry --- Geology, Chemical --- Chemistry --- Cosmography --- World history --- Earth sciences. --- Climate change. --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climatology --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Geosciences --- Environmental sciences --- Physical sciences --- Environmental aspects --- History. --- Global environmental change