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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is the internationally recognized method to assess the environmental impacts of products and services. Its application to agri-food systems in developing or emerging contexts is recent and represents many challenges of scientific, partnerial and operational nature. With more than 10 years of scientific and field experience, the CIRAD LCA team has synthesized, with other internationally recognized experts, the best knowledge and approaches available to apply LCA under these conditions. This operational guide is a useful tool for LCA practitioners; it provides best practice recommendations to carry out LCA studies on agri-food products in developing and emerging contexts.

Life cycle costing. --- Costing, Life cycle --- L.C.C. (Life cycle costing) --- LCC (Life cycle costing) --- Life cycle cost --- Life cycle cost analysis --- Terotechnology --- Costs, Industrial

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Mineral industries --- Life cycle costing --- Environmental aspects. --- Costing, Life cycle --- L.C.C. (Life cycle costing) --- LCC (Life cycle costing) --- Life cycle cost --- Life cycle cost analysis --- Terotechnology --- Costs, Industrial --- Mining engineering --- Environmental aspects

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Sustainable agriculture. --- Sustainable development --- Life cycle costing --- Mathematical models. --- Environmental aspects. --- Costing, Life cycle --- L.C.C. (Life cycle costing) --- LCC (Life cycle costing) --- Life cycle cost --- Life cycle cost analysis --- Terotechnology --- Costs, Industrial --- Low-input agriculture --- Low-input sustainable agriculture --- Lower input agriculture --- Resource-efficient agriculture --- Sustainable farming --- Agriculture --- Alternative agriculture

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"The key areas of life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) and whole life costing (WLC) are exemplified in this volume with accounts of their application to housing stock, a community hydroelectric power system, various aspects of highway infrastructure, and corrosion protective coatings. Sustainable construction and design requires more than compliance with safety requirements and economic constraints, there is also the impact on the environment, the surrounding population and users of the infrastructure. This requires a multidimensional perspective of sustainability to be considered in life cycle costing (LCC) combining current design criteria with these other aspects. It has become increasingly important to understand the full costs of civil engineering infrastructure, and the main sources of cost, along the whole supply chain and to identify cost reduction opportunities. The conventional procurement approach without the integration of probabilistic life-cycle cost modelling induces substantial long term maintenance costs. Once deterioration and life-cycle cost models have been established, appropriate partnership procurement strategies, associated financing methods and determination of the project period can be developed. LCC includes the cost of planning, design, acquisition, operation, maintenance and disposal of buildings and other construction assets, while WLC additionally includes incomes and other costs such as non-construction costs and externalities. In whole life costing, social, environmental or business costs or benefits are considered as externalities and care must be taken not to double-count the impacts when WLC is used together with LCCA. The international examples included here illustrate practically the methodology of life cycle costing and the application of life-cycle cost analysis to identify the most appropriate method for assessing the relative merits of competing project implementation alternatives. As such it will provide a valuable tool for practising engineers, researchers and advanced students in civil and structural engineering."--Publisher's website

Life cycle costing. --- Engineering economy. --- Cost control. --- Construction industry --- Product life cycle. --- Life cycle, Product --- Manufactures --- Marketing --- Product management --- Containment, Cost --- Cost containment --- Cost reduction --- Costs, Industrial --- Economy, Engineering --- Engineering economics --- Industrial engineering --- Costing, Life cycle --- L.C.C. (Life cycle costing) --- LCC (Life cycle costing) --- Life cycle cost --- Life cycle cost analysis --- Terotechnology --- Cost effectiveness. --- Life cycle --- Cost Control --- Coût du cycle de vie. --- Coût --- Produits commerciaux --- Contrôle. --- Cycle de vie.

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These appendixes explain the methodology used in an analysis of the costs and savings of joint aircraft acquisition programs. They illustrate calculations for theoretical maximum savings in acquisition and in operations and support, historical joint aircraft cost-growth premiums, savings needed to offset premiums, and two cost-comparison methodologies.

F-35 (Military aircraft) --- Fighter planes --- Life cycle costing --- Military & Naval Science --- Law, Politics & Government --- Air Forces --- Costs --- Costing, Life cycle --- L.C.C. (Life cycle costing) --- LCC (Life cycle costing) --- Life cycle cost --- Life cycle cost analysis --- Terotechnology --- Fighter-bombers --- Fighters (Airplanes) --- Pursuit planes --- F-35 (Jet fighter plane) --- Joint Strike Fighter (Military aircraft) --- Lightning II (Military aircraft) --- Lockheed Martin Lightning II (Military aircraft) --- Lockheed Martin Joint Strike Fighter (Military aircraft) --- X-35 (Jet fighter plane) --- Costs, Industrial --- Airplanes, Military --- Lockheed Martin aircraft --- United States. --- Procurement --- Costs. --- D.O.D. --- DOD (Department of Defense) --- Mei-kuo kuo fang pu --- Ministerstvo oborony SShA --- Министерство обороны США --- National Military Establishment (U.S.)