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During the 1980s and 1990s Asian 'developmental states' attracted much attention in political science and economics literature, but the role of law in the economic development was neglected. It was only after the Asian crisis of 1997 that many analysts began to focus on a lack of regulation and transparency as a major factor triggering the crisis. The crucial questions now are how successful the current reforms will be, and which features of the Asian approach to commercial law will be resistant to reform pressures. This book examines the prospects for commercial law reform in Asia, giving particular attention to Japan and Singapore, as frequently cited role models for Asian developmentalism, and also examining development related business laws in countries such as China, Korea, Indonesia, Malaysia, Vietnam and the Philippines.

Law and economic development.

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Ghana is projected to become hotter and drier in the future (in projections with a 50-year horizon), and the country will continue to experience temperature increases, extreme events like droughts and floods and the increase in frequency and duration of heat waves (World Bank, 2021). The Ghanaian economy is heavily dependent on climate-sensitive sectors such as agriculture, forestry, and hydroelectric energy. In rural areas 71 percent of people are employed in agriculture, forestry, and fishing and the sector is a primary source of employment for the 300,000-350,000 new workers who enter the labor force each year (World Bank, 2016) (World Bank, 2018). Agriculture supplies over 70 percent of national food demand, an estimated two-thirds of Ghanaian non-oil raw material needs for manufacturing and contributes nearly 20 percent of national Gross domestic product (GDP). Water scarcity and drought conditions are expected to increase risks of food insecurity and may exacerbate conflict situations over scarce resources and population movements. Additionally, sea level rise may impact much of the country's coastline. Integrated land and water use management will be critical for addressing the competing needs for food production, rural and urban livelihood, and provision of ecosystem services in forests. To respond to the effects of climate change and a growing population, and the competing uses of water and land, Ghana will need to scale up landscape management approach that optimizes production and protection. Such an approach allows for an increase in food production to feed a growing population while at the same time conserving its remaining forests and coastal zones to ensure they can continue to provide their critical ecosystem services. The remainder of this note lays out some of the priority actions identified for Ghana related to the resilience of agriculture, forestry, and landscapes.

Law and economic development.

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This paper proposes a framework of voluntary savings schemes (VSS) in Jordan that can complement the current formal sector arrangements to better protect informal workers against economic shocks, unemployment, old age, or disability. As benefits of traditional mandatory pension systems worldwide have been cut substantially since the 1990s, voluntary defined contribution schemes are increasingly trying to fill the gap. In many countries, including in low-income countries, special voluntary savings schemes have been introduced to protect informal workers. Blending the knowledge from best practices internationally with the cluster methodology developed specifically for Jordan, the paper provides an overview of the current system of social security in Jordan and presents policy options to lower informality, extend social protection coverage, and provide more adequate protection to workers.

Law and economic development.

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Law and economic development --- Law and economic development. --- Brazil.

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Law and economic development --- Law and economic development --- Brazil.