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Law --- Law. --- History --- Acts, Legislative --- Enactments, Legislative --- Laws (Statutes) --- Legislative acts --- Legislative enactments --- history --- law --- legal systems --- Jurisprudence --- Legislation --- Regions --- History of the law

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Law and Justice around the World is designed to introduce students to comparative law and justice, including cross-national variations in legal and justice systems as well as global and international justice. The book draws students into critical discussions of justice around the world today by: taking a broad perspective on law and justice rather than limiting its focus to criminal justice systemsexamining topics of global concern, including governance, elections, environmental regulations, migration and refugee status, family law, and others focusing on a diverse set of global examples, from Europe, North America, East Asia, and especially the global south, and comparing the United States law and justice system to these other nations continuing to cover core topics such as crime, law enforcement, criminal courts, and punishmentincluding chapter goals to define learning outcomessharing case studies to help students apply concepts to real life issues Instructor resources include discussion questions; suggested readings, films, and web resources; a test bank; and chapter-by-chapter PowerPoint slides with full-color maps and graphics. By widening the comparative lens to include nations that are often completely ignored in research and teaching, the book paints a more realistic portrait of the different ways in which countries define and pursue justice in a globalized, interconnected world.

Comparative law. --- comparative justice. --- comparative legal systems. --- crime. --- criminal courts. --- criminal justice. --- global justice. --- international justice. --- law enforcement. --- law. --- punishment. --- social justice. --- textbook.

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Creditor-friendly laws are generally associated with more credit to the private sector and deeper financial markets. But laws mean little if they are not upheld in the courts. The authors hypothesize that the effectiveness of creditor rights is strongly linked to the efficiency of contract enforcement. This hypothesis is tested using firm level data on 27 European countries in 2002 and 2005. The analysis finds that firms have more access to bank credit in countries with better creditor rights, but the association between creditor rights and bank credit is much weaker in countries with inefficient courts. Exploiting the panel dimension of the data and the fact that creditor rights change over time, the authors show that the effect of a change in creditor rights on change in bank credit increases with court enforcement. In particular, a unit increase in the creditor rights index will increase the share of bank loans in firm investment by 27 percent in a country at the 10th percentile of the enforcement time distribution (Lithuania). However, the increase will be only 7 percent in a country at the 80th percentile of this distribution (Kyrgyzstan). Legal protections of creditors and efficient courts are strong complements.

Access to Finance --- Bank loans --- Bankruptcy and Resolution of Financial Distress --- Banks and Banking Reform --- Contract enforcement --- Creditor --- Creditor Rights --- Creditors --- Debt Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Finance Corporation --- Financial markets --- Legal protections --- Legal systems --- Public Disclosure

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Although political and legal institutions are essential to any nation's economic development, the forces that have shaped these institutions are poorly understood. Drawing on rich evidence about the development of the American states from the mid-nineteenth to the late twentieth century, this book documents the mechanisms through which geographical and historical conditions--such as climate, access to water transportation, and early legal systems--impacted political and judicial institutions and economic growth. The book shows how a state's geography and climate influenced whether elites based their wealth in agriculture or trade. States with more occupationally diverse elites in 1860 had greater levels of political competition in their legislature from 1866 to 2000. The book also examines the effects of early legal systems. Because of their colonial history, thirteen states had an operational civil-law legal system prior to statehood. All of these states except Louisiana would later adopt common law. By the late eighteenth century, the two legal systems differed in their balances of power. In civil-law systems, judiciaries were subordinate to legislatures, whereas in common-law systems, the two were more equal. Former civil-law states and common-law states exhibit persistent differences in the structure of their courts, the retention of judges, and judicial budgets. Moreover, changes in court structures, retention procedures, and budgets occur under very different conditions in civil-law and common-law states. The Evolution of a Nation illustrates how initial geographical and historical conditions can determine the evolution of political and legal institutions and long-run growth.

U.S. states --- Law --- State governments --- Economic conditions. --- States --- History. --- Politics and government. --- American states. --- U.S. states. --- agriculture. --- balance of power. --- civil law. --- colonial legal systems. --- common law. --- court operation. --- courts. --- democracy. --- economic activity. --- economic development. --- economic growth. --- economic outcomes. --- elite occupations. --- future research. --- initial state conditions. --- judges. --- judicial budgets. --- judicial independence. --- judicial institutions. --- legal history. --- legal initial conditions. --- legal institutions. --- legal systems. --- legislatures. --- occupational distributions. --- occupational homogeneity. --- political competition. --- political history. --- political institutions. --- political parties. --- settlement history. --- social outcomes. --- state budgets. --- state courts. --- state economy. --- state elites. --- state high court. --- state high courts. --- state institutions. --- state legislature. --- state legislatures. --- state per capita income. --- state political competition. --- trade.

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"Political (In)Justice compares the legal aspects of political repression in three recent military regimes: Brazil (1964-1985), Chile (1973-1990), and Argentina (1976-1983). By focusing on political trials as a reflection of each regime's overall approach to the law, Anthony Pereira argues that the practice of each regime can be explained by examining the prior relationship between the judiciary and the military."--Jacket.

Rule of law --- Authoritarianism --- Political science --- Authority --- Supremacy of law --- Administrative law --- Constitutional law --- 89.36 authoritarian systems (political science). --- Argentina. --- Authoritarian regimes. --- Authoritarianism. --- Autoritarisme --- Brazil. --- Chile. --- Constitutional state. --- Legal systems. --- Politische Verfolgung. --- Recht. --- Rule of law. --- Règle de droit --- Geschichte 1964-1985. --- Geschichte 1973-1990. --- Geschichte 1976-1983. --- Argentinien. --- Brasilien. --- Règle de droit