Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

There are books on tone, coronals, the internal structure of segments, vowel harmony, and a couple of other topics in phonology. This book aims to fill the gap for Lenition and Fortition, which is one of the first phenomena that was addressed by phonologists in the 19th century, and ever since contributed to phonological thinking. It is certainly one of the core phenomena that is found in the phonology of natural language: together with assimilations, the other important family of phenomena, Lenition and Fortition constitute the heart of what phonology can do to sound.The book aims to provide an overall treatment of the question in its many aspects: historical, typological, synchronic, diachronic, empirical and theoretical. Various current approaches to phonology are represented.The book is structured into three parts: 1) properties and behaviour of Lenition/Fortition, 2) lenition patterns in particular languages and language families, 3) how Lenition/Fortition work. Part 1 describes the properties of lenition and fortition: what counts as such? What kind of behaviour is observed? Which factors bear on it (positional, stress-related)? Which role has it played in phonology since (and even before) the 19th century? The everything-you-always-wanted-to-know-about-lenition-and-fortition philosophy that guides the conception of the book supposes a descriptive, generalisation-oriented style of writing that relies on a kind of phonological lingua franca, rather than on theory-laden vocabulary. Also, no prior knowledge other than about general phonological categories should be required when reading through Part 1. The goal is to provide a broad picture of what lenition is, how it behaves, which factors it is conditioned by and what generalisations it obeys. This record may then be used as a yardstick for competing theories.Part 2 presents a number of case studies that show how Lenition/Fortition behave in a number of languages that include systems which are notoriously emblematic for Lenition/Fortition: Celtic, Western Romance, Germanic and Finnish.Finally, Part 3 is concerned with the analysis of the patterns that have been described in Parts 1 and 2. Given their analytic orientation, Part 3 chapters are theory-specific. They look at the same empirical record, or at a subset thereof, and try to explain what they see. Even though Part 3 chapters are couched in a specific theoretical environment that most of the time supposes prior conceptual knowledge, authors have been asked to assure theoretical interoperability as much as they could.

Mutation (Phonetics). --- Mutation (Phonetics) --- Philology & Linguistics --- Languages & Literatures --- Fortition (Phonetics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Lenition (Phonetics) --- Phonetics --- Mutation --- Phonology --- Phonology, Diachronic Phonology, Historical Linguistics.

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The processes of gemination, lenition, and vowel lengthening are central to the study of phonology, as they reveal much about the treatment of quantity in a given language. Using data from older language stages, modern dialects and standard languages, this study examines the interdependence of vowel and consonant quantity in the history of the Germanic branch of Indo-European. Kurt Goblirsch focusses on the various geminations in Old Germanic languages (West Germanic gemination, glide strengthening, and expressive gemination), open syllable lengthening in German, Dutch, Frisian, English, and Scandinavian languages, and the major lenitions in High German, Low German, and Danish, as well as minor lenitions in Bavarian, Franconian, and Frisian dialects. All of these changes are related to the development of the Germanic languages from distinctive segmental length to complementary length to syllable cut. The discussion challenges traditional theoretical assumptions about quantity change in Germanic languages to argue for a new account whereby, gemination, lenition, and vowel lengthening are interrelated.

Germanic languages --- Mutation (Phonetics) --- Fortition (Phonetics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Lenition (Phonetics) --- Phonetics --- Teutonic languages --- Indo-European languages --- Vowels. --- Mutation --- Phonology

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Romance languages --- Mutation (Phonetics) --- Linguistic change. --- Change, Linguistic --- Language change --- Historical linguistics --- Language and languages --- Fortition (Phonetics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Lenition (Phonetics) --- Phonetics --- Neo-Latin languages --- Italic languages and dialects --- Phonology. --- Accents and accentuation. --- Word formation. --- Consonants. --- Vowels. --- Mutation --- Phonology --- Vowels --- Langues romanes --- Mutation (Phonétique) --- Changement linguistique --- Accents and accentuation --- Phonologie --- Accents et accentuation --- Formation des mots --- Consonnes --- Voyelles

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Phonetics --- Romance languages --- Comparative linguistics --- Classical Latin language --- Spanish language --- Portuguese language --- Latin language --- Linguistic change --- Espagnol (Langue) --- Portugais (Langue) --- Latin (Langue) --- Changement linguistique --- Phonology, Comparative --- Latin --- Spanish --- Portuguese --- Phonologie comparée --- Espagnol --- Portugais --- Linguistic change. --- Mutation (Phonetics) --- Portuguese. --- Spanish. --- Latin. --- Mutation (Phonetics). --- Phonologie comparée --- Castilian language --- Fortition (Phonetics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Lenition (Phonetics) --- Change, Linguistic --- Language change --- Historical linguistics --- Language and languages --- Classical languages --- Italic languages and dialects --- Classical philology --- Latin philology --- Phonology, Comparative&delete& --- Mutation --- Phonology