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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are members of an enzyme family and are critical for maintaining tissue allostasis. MMPs can catalyze normal turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM) together with other metalloproteinases such as ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) and ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif) families. MMP activity is also regulated by a group of endogenous proteins called tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). All these proteins have a pivotal role involving ECM remodelling in normal physiological processes such as wound healing, embryogenesis, angiogenesis, bone remodelling, immunity, and the female reproductive cycle. An imbalance in the expression or activity of MMPs can also have important consequences in diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic leg ulcers, and multiple sclerosis. In recent years, MMPs have been found to play an important role in the field of precision medicine, as they may serve as biomarkers that may predict an individual’s disease predisposition, state, or progression. MMPs are also thought to be a sensible target for molecular therapy. The aim of this Special Issue is to explore the most recent findings in this field that may have an impact in healthcare systems.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- hypersensitivity pneumonitis --- metalloproteinases --- genetic association --- autoantibodies --- MMP1 --- MMP2 --- SNPs --- MMPs --- TIMPs --- CKD --- peripheral vascular disease --- biomarkers --- proteinuria --- eGFR --- PAD. --- NGAL --- statins --- arterial aneurysms --- patients --- collagenases --- Crohn’s disease --- dental caries --- mouth --- periodontitis --- matrix metalloproteinase-9 --- dialysis --- on-line hemodiafiltration --- high-flux dialysis --- renal replacement therapy --- kidney transplantation --- Mac-1 --- CD147 --- leukocytes --- platelets --- adhesion --- integrin αMβ2 --- matrix metalloproteinases --- TIMP --- synthetic inhibitors --- RECK --- matrix metalloproteinase --- MAPKs --- ischemia/reperfusion --- eNOS --- iNOS --- inflammatory bowel disease --- inflammation --- NO --- MMP-9 --- cGMP --- Caco-2 --- matrix metalloproteinase-7 --- fibrosis --- acute kidney injury --- chronic kidney disease --- apoptosis --- health --- disease

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Galectins are a family of soluble beta-galactoside-binding proteins with diverse glycan-dependent and glycan-independent functions outside and inside the cell. There are sixteen recognized mammalian galectin genes, and their expression profiles are very different between cell types, tissues, and species. This Special Issue covers recent progress in the field of the cell biology of galectins, relevant concepts of galectin regulatory mechanisms, and biomedical aspects of these unique multifunctional proteins.

galectin-7 --- p53 --- MMP-9 --- cancer --- gain-of-function --- vasculature --- gene expression --- tube formation --- sprouting --- VEGF --- integrins --- galectin --- extracellular matrix --- microenvironment --- Yersinia enterocolitica --- YopP --- Galectin-1 --- nitric oxide --- macrophages --- epithelial tissues --- apoptosis --- targeting --- inhibitors --- β-hairpin --- β-sandwich --- blood group B --- lectin --- sugar code --- LGALS16 --- placenta --- brain tissues --- cell differentiation --- transcription factor --- miRNA --- galectin-3 --- cardiac fibrosis --- heart failure --- atrial fibrillation --- chronic inflammation --- MMPs --- microRNAs --- lncRNAs --- pectin --- structure and function --- bioactive polysaccharides --- galectin-3 inhibition --- galacto-oligosaccharides --- galectins --- intestinal epithelial cells --- β-3′galactosyllactose --- immunomodulation --- mucosal immunity --- O-GlcNAc --- unconventional secretion --- extraembryonic endoderm --- n/a --- β-3'galactosyllactose

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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are members of an enzyme family and are critical for maintaining tissue allostasis. MMPs can catalyze normal turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM) together with other metalloproteinases such as ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) and ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif) families. MMP activity is also regulated by a group of endogenous proteins called tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). All these proteins have a pivotal role involving ECM remodelling in normal physiological processes such as wound healing, embryogenesis, angiogenesis, bone remodelling, immunity, and the female reproductive cycle. An imbalance in the expression or activity of MMPs can also have important consequences in diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic leg ulcers, and multiple sclerosis. In recent years, MMPs have been found to play an important role in the field of precision medicine, as they may serve as biomarkers that may predict an individual’s disease predisposition, state, or progression. MMPs are also thought to be a sensible target for molecular therapy. The aim of this Special Issue is to explore the most recent findings in this field that may have an impact in healthcare systems.

hypersensitivity pneumonitis --- metalloproteinases --- genetic association --- autoantibodies --- MMP1 --- MMP2 --- SNPs --- MMPs --- TIMPs --- CKD --- peripheral vascular disease --- biomarkers --- proteinuria --- eGFR --- PAD. --- NGAL --- statins --- arterial aneurysms --- patients --- collagenases --- Crohn’s disease --- dental caries --- mouth --- periodontitis --- matrix metalloproteinase-9 --- dialysis --- on-line hemodiafiltration --- high-flux dialysis --- renal replacement therapy --- kidney transplantation --- Mac-1 --- CD147 --- leukocytes --- platelets --- adhesion --- integrin αMβ2 --- matrix metalloproteinases --- TIMP --- synthetic inhibitors --- RECK --- matrix metalloproteinase --- MAPKs --- ischemia/reperfusion --- eNOS --- iNOS --- inflammatory bowel disease --- inflammation --- NO --- MMP-9 --- cGMP --- Caco-2 --- matrix metalloproteinase-7 --- fibrosis --- acute kidney injury --- chronic kidney disease --- apoptosis --- health --- disease

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Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are members of an enzyme family and are critical for maintaining tissue allostasis. MMPs can catalyze normal turnover of the extracellular matrix (ECM) together with other metalloproteinases such as ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) and ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motif) families. MMP activity is also regulated by a group of endogenous proteins called tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). All these proteins have a pivotal role involving ECM remodelling in normal physiological processes such as wound healing, embryogenesis, angiogenesis, bone remodelling, immunity, and the female reproductive cycle. An imbalance in the expression or activity of MMPs can also have important consequences in diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, chronic leg ulcers, and multiple sclerosis. In recent years, MMPs have been found to play an important role in the field of precision medicine, as they may serve as biomarkers that may predict an individual’s disease predisposition, state, or progression. MMPs are also thought to be a sensible target for molecular therapy. The aim of this Special Issue is to explore the most recent findings in this field that may have an impact in healthcare systems.

Humanities --- Social interaction --- hypersensitivity pneumonitis --- metalloproteinases --- genetic association --- autoantibodies --- MMP1 --- MMP2 --- SNPs --- MMPs --- TIMPs --- CKD --- peripheral vascular disease --- biomarkers --- proteinuria --- eGFR --- PAD. --- NGAL --- statins --- arterial aneurysms --- patients --- collagenases --- Crohn’s disease --- dental caries --- mouth --- periodontitis --- matrix metalloproteinase-9 --- dialysis --- on-line hemodiafiltration --- high-flux dialysis --- renal replacement therapy --- kidney transplantation --- Mac-1 --- CD147 --- leukocytes --- platelets --- adhesion --- integrin αMβ2 --- matrix metalloproteinases --- TIMP --- synthetic inhibitors --- RECK --- matrix metalloproteinase --- MAPKs --- ischemia/reperfusion --- eNOS --- iNOS --- inflammatory bowel disease --- inflammation --- NO --- MMP-9 --- cGMP --- Caco-2 --- matrix metalloproteinase-7 --- fibrosis --- acute kidney injury --- chronic kidney disease --- apoptosis --- health --- disease --- hypersensitivity pneumonitis --- metalloproteinases --- genetic association --- autoantibodies --- MMP1 --- MMP2 --- SNPs --- MMPs --- TIMPs --- CKD --- peripheral vascular disease --- biomarkers --- proteinuria --- eGFR --- PAD. --- NGAL --- statins --- arterial aneurysms --- patients --- collagenases --- Crohn’s disease --- dental caries --- mouth --- periodontitis --- matrix metalloproteinase-9 --- dialysis --- on-line hemodiafiltration --- high-flux dialysis --- renal replacement therapy --- kidney transplantation --- Mac-1 --- CD147 --- leukocytes --- platelets --- adhesion --- integrin αMβ2 --- matrix metalloproteinases --- TIMP --- synthetic inhibitors --- RECK --- matrix metalloproteinase --- MAPKs --- ischemia/reperfusion --- eNOS --- iNOS --- inflammatory bowel disease --- inflammation --- NO --- MMP-9 --- cGMP --- Caco-2 --- matrix metalloproteinase-7 --- fibrosis --- acute kidney injury --- chronic kidney disease --- apoptosis --- health --- disease

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Sulfur is an essential element for all living organisms and is required by algae, plants, fungi, animals, and humans for growth and development. It is present in a variety of biomolecules involved in many biological functions, including the maintenance of cell redox homeostasis, defense, and detoxifying processes. The alteration of sulfur compound metabolism may lead to human diseases as well as to plant and animal pathologies. The marine environment, which is characterized by a high biodiversity of species and a great chemical diversity, represents a great potential source of bioactive sulfur molecules. A broad range of biologically active sulfur compounds with unique structures and pharmacological properties have been reported to occur in marine organisms, from amino acids to different sulfated derivatives. Great attention is also focused on sulfur metabolites in the marine microbial world in relation to the global sulfur cycle. The aim of this Special Issue is to present existing knowledge and recent studies on sulfur-containing marine bioactive compounds in different biological systems. Attention is also focused on metabolites active at the ecological level.

Medicine --- propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate --- angiogenesis --- invasion --- FGF2 --- MMP-2 --- MMP-9 --- fucoidan --- fucan --- age-related macular degeneration --- VEGF --- oxidative stress --- Laminaria hyperborea --- brown seaweed extracts --- proliferation --- molecular weight --- retinal pigment epithelium --- thiopeptide antibiotic --- screening --- structure elucidation --- natural products --- rare actinobacteria --- carbohydrate sulfotransferase --- carrageenan --- cytochrome P450 --- galactose-6 sulfurylase --- red alga --- reproduction stages --- WD 40 --- sulfavants --- adjuvant --- immunomodulatory activity --- colloid --- aggregates --- algae --- antioxidant --- diatoms --- light --- nitric oxide --- ovothiol --- biofouling --- marine coatings --- anti-settlement --- chemical synthesis --- sulfated --- gallic acid --- eco-friendly --- Tetraselmis suecica --- autotrophic culture --- heterotrophic culture --- exopolysaccharides --- antioxidant capacity --- cytotoxic effects on tumor cells --- propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate --- angiogenesis --- invasion --- FGF2 --- MMP-2 --- MMP-9 --- fucoidan --- fucan --- age-related macular degeneration --- VEGF --- oxidative stress --- Laminaria hyperborea --- brown seaweed extracts --- proliferation --- molecular weight --- retinal pigment epithelium --- thiopeptide antibiotic --- screening --- structure elucidation --- natural products --- rare actinobacteria --- carbohydrate sulfotransferase --- carrageenan --- cytochrome P450 --- galactose-6 sulfurylase --- red alga --- reproduction stages --- WD 40 --- sulfavants --- adjuvant --- immunomodulatory activity --- colloid --- aggregates --- algae --- antioxidant --- diatoms --- light --- nitric oxide --- ovothiol --- biofouling --- marine coatings --- anti-settlement --- chemical synthesis --- sulfated --- gallic acid --- eco-friendly --- Tetraselmis suecica --- autotrophic culture --- heterotrophic culture --- exopolysaccharides --- antioxidant capacity --- cytotoxic effects on tumor cells