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This special volume aims to collecg new ideas and contributions at the frontier between the fields of data handling, processing and modeling for volcanic and seismic systems. Technological evolution, as well as the increasing availability of new sensors and platforms, and freely available data, pose a new challenge to the scientific community in the development new tools and methods that can integrate and process different information. The recent growth in multi-sensor monitoring networks and satellites, along with the exponential increase in the spatiotemporal data, has revealed an increasingly compelling need to develop data processing, analysis and modeling tools. Data processing, analysis and modeling techniques may allow significant information to be identified and integrated into volcanic/seismological monitoring systems. The newly developed technology is expected to improve operational hazard detection, alerting, and management abilities.

Technology: general issues --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- seismic swarm --- relocated aftershocks --- transition zone --- b value temporal variation --- central Ionian Islands (Greece) --- volcanic eruptions --- volcanic plumes --- CO2 flux --- DIAL-Lidar --- data processing techniques --- SAR --- InSAR --- ground deformation --- Sentinel-1 --- volcano monitoring --- GNSS --- seismicity --- slope instability --- MT-InSAR --- volcanoes --- ASTER --- Robust Satellite Techniques --- Google Earth Engine --- volcanic mounds --- seismic time and depth processing --- MVA --- CO2 storage --- volcano geodesy --- multidisciplinary monitoring --- paroxysms --- lava fountain --- volcanic eruption --- modeling --- tilt --- GPS --- n/a

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Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging zoonotic coronavirus. First identified in 2012, MERS-CoV has caused over 2460 infections and a fatality rate of about 35% in humans. Similar to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), MERS-CoV likely originated from bats; however, different from SARS-CoV, which potentially utilized palm civets as its intermediate hosts, MERS-CoV likely transmits to humans through dromedary camels. Animal models, such as humanized mice and nonhuman primates, have been developed for studying MERS-CoV infection. Currently, there are no vaccines and therapeutics approved for the prevention and treatment of MERS-CoV infection, although a number of them have been developed preclinically or tested clinically. This book covers one editorial and 16 articles (including seven review articles and nine original research papers) written by researchers working in the field of MERS-CoV. It describes the following three main aspects: (1) MERS-CoV epidemiology, transmission, and pathogenesis; (2) current progress on MERS-CoV animal models, vaccines, and therapeutics; and (3) challenges and future prospects for MERS-CoV research. Overall, this book will help researchers in the MERS-CoV field to further advance their work on the virus. It also has important implications for other coronaviruses as well as viruses outside the coronavirus family with pandemic potentials.

cell–cell fusion --- hDPP4 --- n/a --- therapeutics --- animal models --- HCoV-229E --- Drivers --- camels --- rabbits --- SARS-CoV --- MERS-CoV --- MVA vaccine --- transmission --- RBD --- MERS-CoV nucleocapsid protein --- complement --- animal model --- pseudotyped virus --- combination --- MERS-coronavirus --- peptide --- mouse model --- spike protein --- receptor-binding domain --- prevention and treatment --- coronaviruses --- coronavirus spike glycoprotein --- therapeutic antibodies --- vaccine platforms --- mutation --- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus --- pathogenesis --- fusion inhibitor --- Coronavirus --- murine CD8+ T cell epitope --- lipidomics --- authentic virus --- correlates of immunity --- vaccines --- neutralizing monoclonal antibodies --- Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus --- small-molecule inhibitor --- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Virus --- DPP4 --- pyroptosis --- cross-neutralization --- inflammation --- Qatar --- spike proteins --- One Health --- HKU4 --- nanobodies --- mechanism of action --- neutralizing antibody --- host factors --- UHPLC–MS

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Lassa virus causes Lassa fever disease in several countries in West Africa, where it is estimated to infect up to half million people causing roughly five thousand deaths each year. This deadly virus has also been introduced in multiple occasions into the western world, including the United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Sweden, and Germany. Lassa virus infection, which is often misdiagnosed, can lead to a wide range of disease symptoms ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to bleeding disorders, multi-organ failure, and death. Despite some major discoveries made in recent years of research on Lassa fever, there are still many unresolved key issues that hamper the development of effective vaccines and therapies. Some of these issues include a detailed understanding of the viral and participating host factors in completing the virus life cycle, in mediating disease pathogenesis or protection, and in activating or suppressing host immune responses against virus infection. This book is devoted to understanding some of these important issues. Expert and timely contributions in the form of editorial and original research and review articles on Lassa fever viral replication, disease pathogenesis and protection, host immune modulations, and other related hot topics are presented in this publication.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Lassa virus disease (LVD) --- vaccine breadth --- mimicry --- B cell anergy --- conserved antigens --- Fc-gamma receptors --- conformational antigens --- broadly-neutralizing antibodies --- focused immunity --- dominant and subdominant epitopes --- cross-restriction --- Lassa virus --- Z protein --- late domain --- PPXY --- budding --- release --- matrix protein --- phosphorylation --- arenavirus --- mass spectrometry --- viral glycoprotein --- viral entry --- viral fusion --- fusion protein --- Lassa virus vaccine --- ML29 vaccine --- STAT-1-/- mice --- Mopeia virus --- interfering particles --- Lassa fever --- LASV --- virus–host interactions --- entry --- replication --- Lassa vaccine --- replication-deficient MVA vector --- VLP formation --- single-dose efficacy --- cell-mediated immunity --- arenaviruses --- viral hemorrhagic fevers --- animal models --- mammarenavirus --- vaccine --- virulence --- pathogenesis --- innate immunity --- adaptive immunity --- COVID-19

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Lassa virus causes Lassa fever disease in several countries in West Africa, where it is estimated to infect up to half million people causing roughly five thousand deaths each year. This deadly virus has also been introduced in multiple occasions into the western world, including the United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Sweden, and Germany. Lassa virus infection, which is often misdiagnosed, can lead to a wide range of disease symptoms ranging from mild flu-like symptoms to bleeding disorders, multi-organ failure, and death. Despite some major discoveries made in recent years of research on Lassa fever, there are still many unresolved key issues that hamper the development of effective vaccines and therapies. Some of these issues include a detailed understanding of the viral and participating host factors in completing the virus life cycle, in mediating disease pathogenesis or protection, and in activating or suppressing host immune responses against virus infection. This book is devoted to understanding some of these important issues. Expert and timely contributions in the form of editorial and original research and review articles on Lassa fever viral replication, disease pathogenesis and protection, host immune modulations, and other related hot topics are presented in this publication.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Lassa virus disease (LVD) --- vaccine breadth --- mimicry --- B cell anergy --- conserved antigens --- Fc-gamma receptors --- conformational antigens --- broadly-neutralizing antibodies --- focused immunity --- dominant and subdominant epitopes --- cross-restriction --- Lassa virus --- Z protein --- late domain --- PPXY --- budding --- release --- matrix protein --- phosphorylation --- arenavirus --- mass spectrometry --- viral glycoprotein --- viral entry --- viral fusion --- fusion protein --- Lassa virus vaccine --- ML29 vaccine --- STAT-1-/- mice --- Mopeia virus --- interfering particles --- Lassa fever --- LASV --- virus–host interactions --- entry --- replication --- Lassa vaccine --- replication-deficient MVA vector --- VLP formation --- single-dose efficacy --- cell-mediated immunity --- arenaviruses --- viral hemorrhagic fevers --- animal models --- mammarenavirus --- vaccine --- virulence --- pathogenesis --- innate immunity --- adaptive immunity --- COVID-19

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RNA viruses cause animal, human, and zoonotic diseases that affect millions of individuals, as is being exemplified by the devastating ongoing epidemic of the recently identified SARS-Cov-2. For years vaccines have had an enormous impact on overcoming the global burden of diseases. Nowadays, a vast number of different approaches, from purified inactivated and live attenuated viruses, nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) based candidates, virus-like particles, subunit elements, and recombinant viruses are been employed to combat viruses. However, for many of them efficient vaccines are not yet available. This will probably change dramatically with the current Covid-19 pandemic, as a vast variety of vaccinology approaches are being tested against it, with hundreds of candidates under development, dozens of them already in clinical trials, a fact that is breaking records in vaccine development and implementation. This is becoming possible thanks to the enormous work carried out during years to have the bases for a quick response, even against unknown pathogens, in an impressive short time. Here, results obtained with different vaccine´s methodological approaches against human (HIV, HCV, HRV) animal (PRRSV, PEDV, FMDV, VHSV) and zoonotic (RVF, WNV), RNA viruses are presented by field experts.

artificial protein --- polyepitope B- and T-cell HIV-1 immunogen --- epitopes of broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies --- peptide mimic of discontinuous epitope --- immunogenicity --- birds --- vaccines --- West Nile virus --- flavivirus --- herd immunity --- porcine epidemic diarrhea virus --- RNA interference --- processivity factor --- intestine epithelial cells --- N gene --- rotavirus nanoparticle vaccine --- gnotobiotic pigs --- FMDV --- peptide vaccine --- single dose --- amount --- pig --- VHSV --- non-virion (NV) --- transcriptome profiling --- rainbow trout --- immune pathways --- Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) --- modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) --- cellular response --- neutralizing antibodies --- Gn Gc glycoproteins --- passive serum:virus transfer --- hepatitis C virus --- neutralising antibodies --- animal models --- immune responses --- PRRSV Mosaic T-cell DNA vaccine VACV --- PRRS --- cross protection --- heterologous virus challenge --- n/a