Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Dans la mer des Caraïbes, en dessous de l’Amérique du Nord, se trouve une entre le Cuba et la Jamaïque, une île (Hispaniola) qui fait 77 650 km² de superficie. Elle est la plus peuplée des Antilles, soit de plus de 20 millions d’habitants. Cette île est divisée en deux pays, qui selon Théodat (2004) « sont les deux seules îles qui ne sont pas entourées d’eau de tous les côtés, tant ils sont différents ». Leurs indicateurs de développement et environnementaux sont étonnamment différents. L’un, la République Dominicaine a le plus fort taux de croissance économique de la Caraïbe, l’autre (Haïti) a le plus faible taux dans tout l’hémisphère. Le premier a un Indice de Développement humain (IDH) élevé, il est la première destination touristique de la Caraïbe, il a un taux de couvert forestier qui avoisine les 40% selon la base de donnée de la FAO. L’autre, a le plus faible indice de la région, très mal classé comme destination touristique, et son couvert forestier est estimé à 4% FAO (2010). Mais sont-ils vraiment deux îles en termes climatiques ? Leur occupation de sol a-t-elle entrainé des microclimats qui évoluent différemment au moins pour les quatre dernières décennies passées ? Ce sont ces questions qui ont amené à faire une analyse de tendance des variables climatiques (précipitation et température) sur tout le territoire de l’île. Les données utilisées proviennent des réanalyses ERA5. Elles ont une résolution spatiale 30km*30km, et fournissent les valeurs journalières des variables sur 40 années (1979-2019). Les tests Mann Kendall, Sen’s Slope et Pettitt ont été réalisés sur les valeurs annuelles des variables qui ont été moyennisées pour chaque pays, ensuite pour chaque grille du modèle. Pour tout Haïti, il n’y a pas de tendance dans la moyenne des précipitations annuelles pour la série chronologique (1979-2019), mais la tendance est significative et positive pour les données de températures moyennes annuelles mais avec des pentes très faibles de l’ordre de 0,023 ; Pour les différentes grilles couvrant Haïti (40 au total), deux d’entre elles présentent une tendance positive significative pour la variable pluviométrique et toutes les grilles témoignent d’une augmentation de température. Pour la République Dominicaine, pour les données annuelles de pluviométrie, il y a une tendance à la baisse non significative pour tout le territoire, et quinze sur 69 grilles présentent une tendance significative de diminution ; pour la température, la tendance générale est à la hausse. La position spatiale des grilles avec une tendance paraît plus être liée à la topographie générale et l’impact du mouvement d’oscillation des mers plutôt que l’occupation des sols. Ces résultats vont dans le même sens que ceux obtenus par (Moron et al., 2015) et le rapport de la BID (2015).

Variabilité du climat, Analyse de tendance, Test de Mann Kendall, Hispaniola, Haïti, République Dominicaine, Précipitations, Température de l’air. --- Sciences du vivant > Agriculture & agronomie

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book covers a broad range of sea surface temperature studies from very different points of view and scales; the SST is observed from very local to regional and oceanic scales. The chapters of this book move from local and remote data sensing validation to local and regional trend analysis, and also give some insight into marine heatwaves and future climate scenarios.

Research & information: general --- Environmental economics --- sea surface temperature --- upper ocean heat content --- hurricane intensity --- Northeast Pacific --- Hawaii --- Hurricane Genevieve --- Hurricane Iselle --- Hurricane Julio --- satellite SST --- in situ --- coral reefs --- water temperature --- internal waves --- upwelling --- advection --- climate change --- coral bleaching --- air temperature --- Mann–Kendall test --- Split --- Hvar --- Komiža --- decadal and seasonal SST variation --- East China Shelf Seas --- CMIP5 --- WOA18 --- marine heatwaves --- Eastern Mediterranean Sea --- maximum intensity --- wind stress --- mean sea level pressure --- Red Sea --- marine heat wave --- duration --- frequency --- El Niño --- the NECC --- east of the dateline --- Pacific Ocean --- climate variability --- extreme events --- global climate models --- ecosystems --- n/a --- Mann-Kendall test --- Komiža --- El Niño

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The present book contains ten articles illustrating the different possible uses of UAVs and satellite remotely sensed data integration in Geographical Information Systems to model and predict changes in both the natural and the human environment. It illustrates the powerful instruments given by modern geo-statistical methods, modeling, and visualization techniques. These methods are applied to Arctic, tropical and mid-latitude environments, agriculture, forest, wetlands, and aquatic environments, as well as further engineering-related problems. The present Special Issue gives a balanced view of the present state of the field of geoinformatics.

Research & information: general --- Geography --- mosaicking --- urban image --- seamline determination --- deep learning --- D-LinkNet --- climate change --- evergreen plants --- extreme events --- flavonol and chlorophyll sensor (Dualex) --- greenness indices --- mosses --- near-remote sensing active and passive NDVI sensors --- Sentinel-2 --- subarctic vegetation damage --- crop growth --- reflectance saturation --- crop model --- assimilation --- crop growth stage --- method combinations --- sentinel-2A image --- UAV image --- remote sensing --- soil salinity --- Love/Shida numbers --- satellite laser ranging (SLR) --- Yarragadee station --- Mount Stromlo station --- LAGEOS --- STELLA --- STARLETTE satellites --- SLR stations coordinates --- ITRF2014 --- Lake Ladoga --- CMEMS GlobColour CHL-OC5 --- eutrophication --- water quality assessment --- pulp and paper mill --- ecological status --- phytoplankton and chlorophyll-a --- chemical wastewater pollution --- ArcGIS --- big data --- blueberries --- image analysis --- orthomosaics --- segmentation refinement --- UAVs --- HAPS --- UAV --- monitoring --- constrained multiple objective optimization --- temporal hierarchical task planning --- GNSS stations --- tectonic plate motion parameters --- ITRF --- vegetation monitoring --- drivers of deforestation --- Zambezi region --- land degradation --- vegetation cover change --- wildlife management --- TSS-RESTREND --- greening and browning --- MODIS --- Mann–Kendall --- n/a --- Mann-Kendall

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

The importance of evapotranspiration is well-established in different disciplines such as hydrology, agronomy, climatology, and other geosciences. Reliable estimates of evapotranspiration are also vital to develop criteria for in-season irrigation management, water resource allocation, long-term estimates of water supply, demand and use, design and management of water resources infrastructure, and evaluation of the effect of land use and management changes on the water balance. The objective of this Special Issue is to define and discuss several ET terms, including potential, reference, and actual (crop) ET, and present a wide spectrum of innovative research papers and case studies.

Research & information: general --- evapotranspiration --- machine learning --- local --- spatial --- subhumid climate --- agricultural drought --- drought characteristics --- evapotranspiration deficit index --- parameter sensitivity --- temporal scale sensitivity --- water stress anomaly --- interception --- linear storage model --- evaporation --- cover crop --- water balance --- faba bean --- GK2A/AMI --- artificial neural network --- Korean Peninsula --- CWSI --- UAV --- remote sensing --- micrometeorological data --- spatial IRT measurements --- crop irrigation scheduling and management --- infrared radiometer sensors --- real-time data analysis --- water reservoir --- regression --- observed data --- ERA5-Land data --- R language --- precipitation --- drought --- Mann–Kendall --- trend analysis --- actual evapotranspiration --- potential evapotranspiration --- reference evapotranspiration --- evaporation paradox --- global dimming --- wind stilling --- forest fires --- groundwater --- stochastic simulation --- marginal structure --- long-range dependence --- Hurst–Kolmogorov dynamics --- RASPOTION --- parametric model --- hydrological calibration --- evapotranspiration estimation --- urban rain gardens --- lysimeters --- evapotranspiration models --- n/a --- Mann-Kendall --- Hurst-Kolmogorov dynamics

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Droughts are one of the main extreme meteorological, and hydrological phenomena, which influence both the functioning of ecosystems, and many important sectors of human economic activity. Throughout the world, various direct changes in meteorological, and climatic conditions, such as: air temperature, humidity, and evapotranspiration can be observed. They have a significant influence upon the shaping of the phenomenon of drought. Land cover and land use can also be indirect factors influencing evapotranspiration, and, by the same token, the water balance in the water catchment area. They can also influence the course of the process of the drought. The observed climate change, manifested mainly by increases in temperature, in turn, influencing evapotranspiration, may cause intensification in terms of both the degree and frequency of droughts. Droughts related to changes in the hydrological regime, and to the decrease in water resources. Its results can be observed in various sectors, related, among others, to a demand for water for people, agriculture and the Industry. It can also prove problematic for water ecosystems. To reflect the aforementioned information, a reasonable drought risk management is indispensable in order to ease the water demand related problems in various sectors of human activity. This book presents original research on various drought indicators, modern measurement techniques used, among others, for monitoring and predicting droughts, drought indicator trends, the impact of insufficient precipitation on human activity in the context of climate change, and examples of modern solutions devised to prevent water shortages.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- extensive green roofs --- climate change --- summer drought --- urban vegetation --- phytomass --- fertilizer --- biodiversity --- blue green infrastructure --- pan evaporation --- ANN --- WANN --- SVM-RF --- SVM-LF --- Pusa station --- drought --- SPI --- run theory --- Sen’s estimator --- Mann–Kendall --- Wadi Cheliff Basin --- water stress --- soil moisture --- atmospheric evaporative demand --- eddy covariance --- gross primary productivity --- meteorological drought --- agricultural drought --- atmospheric circulation --- elementary circulation mechanism (ECM) --- information entropy --- atmospheric blocking --- hydrological drought --- trends --- central Poland --- lotic systems --- refuge habitats --- fish --- risk management --- forecasting --- ARIMA --- Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) --- mitigation --- atmospheric drought --- forest drought --- Carpathian Mts. --- beech --- vertical climate zones --- Copernicus Sentinel-1 --- electrical resistivity tomography --- expansive clay --- InSAR --- shrink-swell risk --- SMOS surface soil moisture --- wavelet analysis --- precipitation --- precipitation deficit --- climatic water balance --- n/a --- Sen's estimator --- Mann-Kendall