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"In The Hittite Middle Voice Guglielmo Inglese offers a new treatment of the middle voice in Hittite. The book features two main parts. In the first part, the author provides an updated synchronic description of the Hittite middle based on the existing typology of voice systems and valency changing operations. Moreover, based on a careful analysis of a chronologically ordered corpus of original Hittite texts, the book offers the first ever diachronic account of the Hittite middle. As Inglese argues, the findings of this book greatly enrich our general knowledge of the diachronic typology of middle voice systems. The second part of the book features a thorough description of more than 100 Hittite verbs in original texts"--

Hittite language --- Hittite language --- Verb --- Middle voice

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Allan, Rutger The Middle Voice in Ancient Greek. A Study of Polysemy. 2003 The great variety of usage types of the middle voice in Ancient Greek has excited the interest of generations of classical scholars. A number of intriguing questions, however, still have been left unanswered. What is the exact relation between the various middle usage types? How can the semantic element common to all usage types be defined? What is the relation between the middle voice and the passive voice in the aorist and future stems? To provide an answer to these questions, this study takes a novel approach. Following recent developments in Cognitive Linguistics, the middle voice in Ancient Greek is analysed as a polysemous network category. This approach results in a unified description of the semantics of the middle voice which also accounts for diachronical developments. ASCP 11 (2003), 286 p. Cloth - 79.00 EURO, ISBN: 9050633684

Greek language --- Grec (Langue) --- Verb --- Verbe --- Middle voice. --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Middle voice --- Greek language - Middle voice. --- GREC (LANGUE) --- VOIX MOYENNE

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An investigation of the reflexive marker in so-called "middle constructions", using corpus data and providing a contrastive and variationist analysis on the basis of the different behavior of these markers in two closely-related languages, Spanish and Galician, and their dialects.

Spanish language --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Verb. --- Middle voice.

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Grammar, Comparative and general --- Semantics. --- Typology (Linguistics) --- Middle voice. --- Typology (Linguistics). --- Semantics --- Language and languages --- Linguistic typology --- Linguistics --- Linguistic universals --- Formal semantics --- Semasiology --- Semiology (Semantics) --- Comparative linguistics --- Information theory --- Lexicology --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Middle voice (Grammar) --- Middle voice --- Typology --- Classification --- Voice --- Philology --- GRAMMAIRE COMPAREE ET GENERALE --- TYPOLOGIE (LINGUISTIQUE) --- SEMANTIQUE --- VOIX MOYENNE

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The reflexive constructions that are the focus of this book are the constructions broadly described with the term "middle": i.e., those that can appear in all persons, and in which the reflexive marker (RM) cannot be understood as a full referential pronoun. One goal of this study is to provide a corpus-based typology of middle and related uses that allow us to compare the behaviour of the RM in these constructions with previous typological accounts, where competing models (based either on changes of diathesis or on the semantics of the verbal event) can be found. A second goal is to shed light on the evolution of the different functions of the RM, by exploring the factors that affect its productivity, with a specific focus on those verbs where reflexive marking is most variable, that is, anticausative verbs and verbs with no change of valency. Spanish and Galician, though closely-related and neighbouring languages, show rather different productivity in terms of these reflexive constructions and are thus good candidates for a contrastive and variationist analysis serving these two goals. The semantic class of the predicate, its aspectual properties and the animacy of the subject are some of the most relevant factors that are taken into account to understand the motivations behind the presence (or absence) of the RM. By relying on a corpus of interviews from rural communities across peninsular Spain (except Catalonia), space as a relevant extra-linguistic variable is taken into account, helping uncover previously unknown geographical patterns.

Spanish language --- Galician language --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Espagnol (langue) --- Galicien (langue) --- Voix moyenne (linguistique) --- Voice. --- Verb. --- Reflexives. --- Middle voice. --- Grammar, Comparative --- Galician. --- Spanish. --- Grammaire comparée