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Muons are unstable elementary particles that are found in space, which can also be produced in particle accelerators to an intensity a billion times greater than that occurring naturally. This book describes the various applications of muons across the spectrum of the sciences and engineering. Scientific research using muons relies both on their basic properties as well as the microscopic interaction between them and surrounding particles such as nuclei, electrons, atoms and molecules. Examples of research that can be carried out using muons include muon catalysis for nuclear fusion, the application of muon spin probes to study microscopic magnetic properties of advanced materials, electron labelling to help in the understanding of electron transfer in proteins, and non-destructive element analysis of the human body. Cosmic ray muons can also be used to study the inner structure of volcanoes.
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This volume presents the possibility of high intensity muon sources whose intensity would be at least 104 higher than that available now. Scientific opportunities anticipated with such sources are search for muon lepton flavor violation, measurements of the muon anomalous magnetic moment and the electric dipole moment, neutrino factories based on a muon storage ring, muon collider and muon applied science such as muon catalyzed fusion and biology. In addition to physics opportunities, the necessary technology for such sources is discussed.
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Muons. --- Muons --- Mu mesons --- Kaons --- Pions --- 539.1 --- 539.1 Nuclear physics. Atomic physics. Molecular physics --- Nuclear physics. Atomic physics. Molecular physics --- Leptons (Nuclear physics) --- Mesons
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The area of physics involving muons and neutrinos has become exciting in particle physics. Using their high intensity sources, physicists undertake, in various ways, extensive searches for new physics beyond the Standard Model, such as tests of supersymmetric grand unification (SUSY-GUT) and precision measurements of the muon and neutrino properties, which will in future extend to ambitious studies such as determination of the three-generation neutrino mixing matrix elements and CP violation in the lepton sector. The physics of this field is advancing, with potential improvements of the sourc
Muons --- Neutrinos --- Oscillations --- Leptons (Nuclear physics) --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- CP violation (Nuclear physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics --- Mu mesons --- Kaons --- Mesons --- Pions --- Flavor
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Muons --- -Deep inelastic collisions --- Nuclear structure --- Structure, Nuclear --- Nuclear physics --- Damp inelastic collisions --- Deep inelastic scattering --- Deep inelastic transfers --- Incomplete fusion --- Inelastic collisions, Damp --- Inelastic collisions, Deep --- Quasi-fission --- Relaxed peak process (Nuclear physics) --- Strongly damped collision (Nuclear physics) --- Collisions (Nuclear physics) --- Nuclear reactions --- Mu mesons --- Kaons --- Leptons (Nuclear physics) --- Mesons --- Pions --- Scattering --- -Measurement --- Deep inelastic collisions --- Scattering&delete& --- Measurement --- Collisions (physique nucleaire) --- Diffusion
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The theory of the muon anomalous magnetic is ""particle physics in a nutshell"" and as such is interesting, exciting and difficult. The current precision of the experimental value for this quantity, improved significantly in the past several years due to experiment E821 at Brookhaven National Laboratory, is so high that a large number of subtle effects not relevant previously, become important for the interpretation of the experimental result. The theory of the muon anomalous magnetic moment is at the cutting edge of current research in particle physics and includes multiloop calculations in b
Muons. --- Muons --- Magnetic anomalies. --- Physics. --- Magnetic anomalies --- Nuclear Physics --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Anomalies, Geomagnetic --- Anomalies, Magnetic --- Geomagnetic anomalies --- Mu mesons --- Nuclear physics. --- Particle and Nuclear Physics. --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Geomagnetism --- Kaons --- Leptons (Nuclear physics) --- Mesons --- Pions --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics
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It seems to be a strange enterprise to attempt write a physics book about a single number. It was not my idea to do so, but why not. In mathematics, maybe, one would write a book about ?. Certainly, the muon’s anomalous magnetic moment is a very special number and today re?ects almost the full spectrum of e?ects incorporated in today’s Standard Model (SM) of fun- mental interactions, including the electromagnetic, the weak and the strong forces. The muon g? 2, how it is also called, is a truly fascinating theme both from an experimental and from a theoretical point of view and it has played a crucial role in the development of QED which ?nally developed into the SM by successive inclusion of the weak and the strong interactions. The topic has fascinated a large number of particle physicists, last but not least it was always a benchmark for theory as a monitor for e?ects beyond what was known at the time. As an example, nobody could believe that a muon is just a heavy version of an electron; why should nature repeat itself, it hardly can make sense.
Muons. --- Nuclear moments. --- Magnetic anomalies. --- Muons --- Moments nucléaires --- Periodicals --- Cycles. --- Quantum theory. --- Physics --- Astrophysics --- General and Others --- Particle Physics --- Physics. --- Nuclear physics. --- Particle and Nuclear Physics. --- Atomic nuclei --- Atoms, Nuclei of --- Nucleus of the atom --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Anomalies, Geomagnetic --- Anomalies, Magnetic --- Geomagnetic anomalies --- Geomagnetism --- Nuclear physics --- Mu mesons --- Kaons --- Leptons (Nuclear physics) --- Mesons --- Pions
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The work described in this PhD thesis is a study of a real implementation of a track-finder system which could provide reconstructed high transverse momentum tracks to the first-level trigger of the High Luminosity LHC upgrade of the CMS experiment. This is vital for the future success of CMS, since otherwise it will be impossible to achieve the trigger selectivity needed to contain the very high event rates. The unique and extremely challenging requirement of the system is to utilise the enormous volume of tracker data within a few microseconds to arrive at a trigger decision. The track-finder demonstrator described proved unequivocally, using existing hardware, that a real-time track-finder could be built using present-generation FPGA-based technology which would meet the latency and performance requirements of the future tracker. This means that more advanced hardware customised for the new CMS tracker should be even more capable, and will deliver very significant gains for the future physics returns from the LHC.
Muons. --- Mu mesons --- Kaons --- Leptons (Nuclear physics) --- Mesons --- Pions --- Particle acceleration. --- Physical measurements. --- Measurement . --- Semiconductors. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Measurement Science and Instrumentation. --- Crystalline semiconductors --- Semi-conductors --- Semiconducting materials --- Semiconductor devices --- Crystals --- Electrical engineering --- Electronics --- Solid state electronics --- Measuring --- Mensuration --- Mathematics --- Technology --- Metrology --- Physical measurements --- Measurements, Physical --- Mathematical physics --- Measurement --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Nuclear physics --- Materials --- Acceleration
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This book presents a major step forward in experimentally understanding the behavior of muon neutrinos and antineutrinos. Apart from providing the world’s first measurement of these interactions in a mostly unexplored energy region, the data presented advances the neutrino community’s preparedness to search for an asymmetry between matter and anti-matter that may very well provide the physical mechanism for the existence of our universe. The details of these measurements are preceded by brief summaries of the history of the neutrino, the phenomenon of neutrino oscillations, and a description of their interactions. Also provided are details of the experimental setup for the measurements and the muon antineutrino cross-section measurement which motivates the need for dedicated in situ background constraints. The world’s first measurement of the neutrino component of an antineutrino beam using a non-magnetized detector, as well as other crucial background constraints, are also presented. By exploiting correlated systematic uncertainties, combined measurements of the muon neutrino and antineutrino cross sections described in the book maximize the precision of the extracted information from both results.
Physics. --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics. --- Quantum theory. --- Particle acceleration. --- Physique --- Théorie quantique --- Particules (Physique nucléaire) --- Accélération --- Muons. --- Neutrinos. --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Atomic Physics --- Nuclear Physics --- Neutrino interactions. --- Mu mesons --- Neutret --- Collisions, Neutrino --- Interactions, Neutrino --- Neutrino collisions --- Neutrino reactions --- Reactions, Neutrino --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Quantum field theory. --- Kaons --- Leptons (Nuclear physics) --- Mesons --- Pions --- Neutrons --- Nuclear reactions --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Particles (Nuclear physics) --- Acceleration (Mechanics) --- Nuclear physics --- Acceleration --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons
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The muonium-antimuonium oscillation process has been studied for decades both experimentally and theoretically. Of particular interest is that such a muonium-antimuonium oscillation is totally forbidden within the Standard Model because the process violates the individual electron and muon number conservation laws by two units. Hence, its observation will be a clear signal of physics beyond the Standard Model. This thesis involves the computation of the muonium-antimuonium oscillation time scale in a variety of Standard Model extensions. First, the gauge independence of the various 1-loop contributions to this process is demonstrated in the Standard Model modified only with the inclusion of right-handed neutrinos which were used to generate light neutrino masses via the see-saw mechanism. Next the muonium-antimuonium oscillation time scale in a supersymmetric (SUSY) extension of the Standard Model is calculated. The lower bound on the ratio of the two Higgs field VEVs is also discussed by using experimental results. This Doctoral Thesis has been accepted by Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA.
Muonium. --- Muons. --- Oscillations. --- Supersymmetry. --- Muonium --- Muons --- Oscillations --- Supersymmetry --- Physics --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Nuclear Physics --- Atomic Physics --- Nuclear chemistry. --- Mu mesons --- Chemistry, Nuclear --- Physics. --- Quantum field theory. --- String theory. --- Elementary particles (Physics). --- Elementary Particles, Quantum Field Theory. --- Quantum Field Theories, String Theory. --- Mathematical Methods in Physics. --- Kaons --- Leptons (Nuclear physics) --- Mesons --- Pions --- Electrons --- Nuclear reactions --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Quantum theory. --- Mathematical physics. --- Physical mathematics --- Quantum dynamics --- Quantum mechanics --- Quantum physics --- Mechanics --- Thermodynamics --- Mathematics --- Natural philosophy --- Philosophy, Natural --- Physical sciences --- Dynamics --- Models, String --- String theory --- Relativistic quantum field theory --- Field theory (Physics) --- Quantum theory --- Relativity (Physics) --- Elementary particles (Physics) --- High energy physics --- Nuclear particles --- Nucleons --- Nuclear physics
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