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Cecilia Valdés (1882) narra la historia trágica de una mulata cubana, Cecilia Valdés, mujer mestiza que dados su color y belleza será llamada por los galantes habaneros la Virgencita de bronce. En la novela aparece como hija ilegítima de un "caballero" y de una "parda". Con el paso del tiempo, en el imaginario nacional, representará a la mujer criolla y será un paradigma de lo cubano. Esta mulata sensual, pícara y cautivadora, cortejada por todos los hombres -sin importar su raza o clase- y con aspiraciones de ascender socialmente, frustrada por su condición y su nacimiento se convierte en Pandora o Helena. Alegato antiesclavista, la obra logra describir el ambiente colonial cubano de principios del siglo XiX, las injusticias sociales y especialmente la ignominia de la esclavitud. El autor de la novela, Cirilo Villaverde (1812-1894), ha sido uno de los narradores más prolíficosde la literatura cubana y el precursor de la producción novelesca en la Isla. Su obra, de calidad irregular, se enmarca dentro del romanticismo y está contaminada por sus excesos, sin embargo reflejaun contexto social y humano que trasciende su época y convierte a Villaverde en un autor fundamental del siglo XiX. La literatura realista y de costumbres tiene en sus relatos y novelas un antecedente meritorio. Abolicionista y luego también independentista, Cirilo Villaverde construye en su Cecilia Valdés una trama romántica en cuyo trasfondo está la denuncia social y la condena de la vida del esclavo en el ingenio, de las diferencias de oportunidades para la clase dominante blanca y la de los pobres, mestizos, libertos y esclavos.Demasiados lectores "recordamos" pasajes de Cecilia Valdés diferentes a los narrados por Villaverde. Una amplia bibliografía en torno de la obra y su apropiación desde otras artes deben ser culpables de las transgresiones en-riquecedoras del texto original, cuyas más conocidas inspiraciones serían la zarzuela homónima, escrita por Gonzalo Roig en 1932; y un serial televisivo y una película del director cubano Humberto Solás, en que el entonces joven actor Imanol Arias representa a Leonardo Gamboa, pasional amante que resultará el hermano blanco de Cecilia. ¿En La Habana, quién no ha escuchado decir de una mulata soberbia y hermosa que se parece a Cecilia Valdés? Algunos afirman que, contrario a lo que declaró siempre el autor, Cecilia existió en realidad y por eso logra Villaverde una caracterización tan humana y rica en matices. Lo cierto es que en el cementerio de Colón, en la ciudad de La Habana, existe una tumba que lleva su nombre y que por las fechas inscritas puede coincidir con una mujer contemporánea del novelista. Algún anónimo admirador del mito de la Cecilia, que los periodistas no han podido descubrir, en el aniversario de sus muertes coloca floresen las tumbas de Cirilo Villaverde y Cecilia Valdés.

Racially mixed women. --- Cuba --- Race relations. --- Mulattas --- Racially mixed people --- Women

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In the Caribbean colony of Grenada in 1797, Dorothy Thomas signed the manumission documents for her elderly slave Betty. Thomas owned dozens of slaves and was well on her way to amassing the fortune that would make her the richest black resident in the nearby colony of Demerara. What made the transaction notable was that Betty was Dorothy Thomas's mother and that fifteen years earlier Dorothy had purchased her own freedom and that of her children. Although she was just one remove from bondage, Dorothy Thomas managed to become so rich and powerful that she was known as the Queen of Demerara. Do

Social stratification --- Businesswomen --- Women, Black --- Racially mixed women --- Stratification, Social --- Equality --- Social structure --- Social classes --- Entrepreneurs, Women --- Women entrepreneurs --- Women in business --- Businesspeople --- Women-owned business enterprises --- Black women --- Women, Negro --- Mulattas --- Racially mixed people --- Women --- History --- E-books

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Race in literature. --- Miscegenation in literature. --- Group identity in literature. --- Human skin color in literature. --- Identity (Psychology) in literature. --- Women and literature --- Racially mixed women --- American literature --- Latin American literature --- Racially mixed people in literature. --- English literature --- Agrarians (Group of writers) --- Mulattoes in literature --- Mulattas --- Racially mixed people --- Women --- Literature --- Intellectual life. --- Women authors --- History and criticism. --- Minority authors --- History.

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PROVISIONAL-- FOR FORECASTING PURPOSES ONLY Her Scottish father put her in an institution in Calcutta when she was small. Guilt made her Highland gentry grandfather send for her, but he considered her an encumbrance and boarded her in Elgin. When she was an adolescent, her grandmother enrolled her in an Edinburgh boarding school where she developed a crush on one teacher and received harsh rebukes from the other. Brushed off by the former and chastised by the latter, she retaliated by alleging that they were sexually intimate. The teachers sued for libel; in the case that ensued, she was seen through sexist and racist lenses, constructed as an Other. While the case was still going on, she was married to a Presbyterian minister. If the idea was that he would tame her and make her conformable as other household Janes, the plan failed. He turned out to be a womanizer and Jane took revenge on him by reporting his unchaste behavior to his fellow ministers. Later she made a laughingstock of him by joining another church. Posthumously, she became a mean show-stopping character in a play by Lillian Hellman. Such was the life of Jane Cumming, the biracial woman whose recovered story is the subject of this biography. Spanning three continents and more than two centuries and based on archival research, The Encumbrance offers a sympathetic portrait of the protagonist, seeing her as a resilient figure who, when threatened by figures of authority, took arms against her sea of troubles so as to oppose and end them.

Cumming, Jane, --- Racially mixed women --- Trials (Libel) --- Divorced women --- Social conditions --- History --- Scotland --- Divorcees --- Ex-wives --- Former wives --- Displaced homemakers --- Divorced people --- Single women --- Libel and slander --- Mulattas --- Racially mixed people --- Women --- Caledonia --- Scotia --- Schotland --- Sŭkʻotʻŭllandŭ --- Ecosse --- Škotska --- Great Britain

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Racially mixed women --- Women authors --- Governesses --- Teachers --- Mulattas --- Racially mixed people --- Women --- Authors, Women --- Female authors --- Women as authors --- Authors --- Women and literature --- Child care workers --- Faculty (Education) --- Instructors --- School teachers --- Schoolteachers --- School employees --- Mongkut, --- Leonowens, Anna Harriette, --- Maha Mongkut, --- Čhō̜mklao, --- Phra Čhō̜mklao, --- Rama --- Čhō̜mklao Čhaoyūhūa, --- Phra Chom Klao, --- Leonowens, Anna Harriette (Crawford), --- Mǣm ʻǢnnā, --- ʻǢnnā, --- Lēʻōnōwēn, ʻǢnnā, --- Leon Owens, Anna, --- Owens, Anna Leon, --- Thailand --- Tʻai-kuo --- Hsien-lo --- Muang-Thai --- Thaimaa --- Prates Thai --- Prades Thai --- Thaïlande --- Kingdom of Thailand --- Prathēt Thai --- Tailand --- Thailandia --- Thajsko --- Royal Thai Government --- Ratcha Anachak Thai --- Koninkryk van Thailand --- تايلاند --- Tāylānd --- Tailandia --- Reino de Tailandia --- Tayilande --- Royômo de Tayilande --- Tayland Krallığı --- Pratet Tai --- Thài-kok --- Тайланд --- Каралеўства Тайланд --- Karaleŭstva Taĭland --- Tailandya --- Tajland --- Kraljevina Tajland --- Кралство Тайланд --- Kralstvo Taĭland --- Siam --- Social life and customs