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Mussel culture --- Mussels --- Mytilus edulis --- Mytilus galloprovincialis --- Congresses --- Congresses --- Congresses --- Congresses

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Glycans (carbohydrate chains) of marine creatures are rich and diverse in polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. The chains that are metabolized by glycan-related enzymes (glycosyltransferases and glycosidases) are recognized by glycan-binding proteins (lectins) which regulate cellular processes such as growth, differentiation, and death. Marine glycomics that involves the genome and transcriptome accelerates our understanding of the evolution of glycans, glycan-related enzymes, and lectins. From 2017 to 2019, the Special Issue “Marine Glycobiology, Glycomics and Lectins” of the journal Marine Drugs published scientific articles and reviews, on the background of “glycobiology”—that is, glycan-based biosciences. The aim was to promote the discovery of novel biomolecules that contribute to drug development and clinical studies. This has great potential for establishing connections between the fields of both human health and marine life sciences.This book contains 11 scientific papers representing current topics in comprehensive glycosciences related to therapeutic agents from marine natural products, as outlined.

toxicity --- anticoagulant activities --- Portunus pelagicus --- complement system --- Fucus distichus subsp. evanescens --- MytiLec-1 --- DNA methyltransferases --- malignant glioma --- heparin --- innate immunity --- polysialic acid (polySia) --- HddSBL --- differentiation induction --- phagocytosis --- fucosylated glycosaminoglycan --- Alzheimer’s disease --- thermostable --- amyloid-? --- lectins --- ?-secretase --- fucoidan --- oncolytic vaccinia virus --- Marinomonas --- viral replication --- BACE1 --- glioblastoma --- bioactivity --- Ehrlich ascites carcinoma --- adverse effects --- therapeutic effects --- ERK --- physicochemical characteristics --- oligo-fucoidan --- tandem duplication --- lectin --- galactooligosaccharides --- recombinant --- TTL --- theoretical model --- fucan sulfate --- retinal pigment epithelium --- glycosaminoglycan --- ?-galactosidase --- apoptosis-related genes --- C1q --- VEGF --- nanomedical devices --- epigenetic modification --- nematocyst discharge process --- Mytilus galloprovincialis --- pattern recognition receptors --- Pattalus mollis --- transglycosylation --- anti-viral --- nematogalectin --- heparan sulphate --- oxidative stress --- bivalve mollusks

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Lipids represent the major players in marine organisms as the major constituents of biological membranes, with key roles in biological processes and acclimation to environmental changes. New research trends aim to contribute to improving knowledge on the role lipids in the biological matrix, understanding the impact of climate change in marine organisms, and developing new tools for chemophenotyping, traceability, and biomarkers of trophic chains in marine ecosystems, such that the nutritional value or prospective bioactive compounds can be disclosed for health applications. “Lipids in the Ocean 2021” (http://lipids2021.web.ua.pt) was originally planned to be held at the University of Aveiro and ran from 5 to 7 July 2021 (and was ultimately an online conference due to uncertainties regarding the COVID-19 situation). The aim was to go in deep into research interests covering topics related to lipids from marine organisms, such as marine lipidomics, lipids as biomarkers in trophic webs, green lipids from the ocean (seaweeds, microalgae, and macrophytes), marine lipid biotechnology, and seafood traceability using lipids—from basic research to sustainable production and applications in the food, nutraceutics, feed, cosmetics, and pharma industries. This Special Issue welcomed not only attendees of “Lipids in the Ocean 2021” to publish their latest research outcomes but also all researchers in relevant fields to share their exciting works with the community.

Public health & preventive medicine --- fatty acids --- fungal endophytes --- laminariales --- Paradendryphiella salina --- brown adipose tissue --- browning --- energy expenditure --- n-3 fatty acid --- uncoupling protein --- white adipose tissue --- krill oil --- omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids --- bioavailability --- nutraceuticals --- dietary supplements --- dietary resource --- Mytilus galloprovincialis --- Crassostrea gigas --- diatom --- competition --- biofouling --- EPA --- DHA --- aquafeeds --- n-3/n-6 ratio --- n-3 PUFA --- IMTA --- powdered fish oil --- docosahexaenoic acid --- chitosan nanoparticles --- encapsulation efficiency --- loading capacity --- TGA --- FTIR --- oxidative stability --- algae --- bioactivity --- glycolipids --- lipidomics --- macroalgae --- phospholipids --- seaweeds --- long-chain PUFA synthesis --- desaturases --- elongases --- PKS pathway --- 20:5n-3 (EPA) --- 22:6n-3 (DHA) --- Tisochrysis lutea --- 13C artificial enrichment --- Crypthecodinium cohnii --- omega-3 fatty acid --- biomass recycling --- dinoflagellate extract --- FTIR spectroscopy --- Krebs cycle --- central metabolism --- kinetic model --- constraint-based model

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Several species of Dinophysis produce one or two groups of lipophilic toxins: okadaic acid (OA) and its derivatives; or the dinophysistoxins (DTXs) (also known as diarrhetic shellfish poisons or DSP toxins) and pectenotoxins (PTXs). DSP toxins are potent inhibitors of protein phosphatases, causing gastrointestinal intoxication in consumers of contaminated seafood. Forty years after the identification of Dinophysis as the causative agent of DSP in Japan, contamination of filter feeding shellfish exposed to Dinophysis blooms is recognized as a problem worldwide. DSP events affect public health and cause considerable losses to the shellfish industry. Costly monitoring programs are implemented in regions with relevant shellfish production to prevent these socioeconomic impacts. Harvest closures are enforced whenever toxin levels exceed regulatory limits (RLs). Dinophysis species are kleptoplastidic dinoflagellates; they feed on ciliates (Mesodinium genus) that have previously acquired plastids from cryptophycean (genera Teleaulax, Plagioselmis, and Geminigera) nanoflagellates. The interactions of Dinophysis with different prey regulate their growth and toxin production. When Dinophysis cells are ingested by shellfish, their toxins are partially biotransformed and bioaccumulated, rendering the shellfish unsuitable for human consumption. DSP toxins may also affect shellfish metabolism. This book covers diverse aspects of the abovementioned topics—from the laboratory culture of Dinophysis and the kinetics of uptake, transformation, and depuration of DSP toxins in shellfish to Dinophysis population dynamics, the monitoring and regulation of DSP toxins, and their impact on the shellfish industry in some of the aquaculture regions that are traditionally most affected, namely, northeastern Japan, western Europe, southern Chile, and New Zealand.

WitOMI analysis --- n/a --- DST accumulation --- mussel --- dinophysistoxins --- depuration --- human health --- pectenotoxins (PTXs) --- cryptophytes --- Mesodinium --- dinophysis --- compartmentalization --- resistance --- Japanese scallop --- surf clam --- HAB monitoring --- toxins --- organic matter --- OMI analysis --- PTXs --- time-series --- Diarrhetic shellfish toxins --- predator-prey preferences --- immunity --- okadaic acid --- physical–biological interactions --- defense --- digestion --- Dinophysis --- harmful algal blooms --- pectenotoxin --- El Niño Southern Oscillation --- lysate --- suspended particulate matter (SPM) --- D. caudata --- mixotrophic cultures --- Mytilus galloprovincialis --- bivalves --- diarrhetic shellfish poisoning --- biotransformation --- Mesodinium cf. rubrum --- RNA-Seq --- DST esterification --- Mesodinium rubrum --- statistical analysis --- seasonality --- mass culture conditions --- D. acuminata-complex --- Argopecten purpuratus --- harmful algal bloom --- pipis (Plebidonax deltoides) --- DTX-2 --- Reloncaví Fjord --- pectenotoxins --- deep sequencing --- climatic anomaly --- Brazil --- qPCR --- high throughput sequencing --- DSP --- accumulation --- LC/MS/MS --- Protoceratium reticulatum --- shellfish toxicity --- transcriptomic response --- New Zealand --- blooms --- trophic transfer --- metabolism --- bacterial community --- kinetics --- marine biotoxins --- diarrhetic shellfish toxins --- bivalve shellfish --- Diarrhetic Shellfish Toxins (DST) --- diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DST) --- Scotland --- Dinophysis acuminata --- DSP toxins --- toxin accumulation --- Southern Annual Mode --- Diarrheic Shellfish Poisoning --- Dinophysis toxins --- OA --- marine toxins --- toxin vectors --- wild harvest --- Dinophysis acuta --- Sydney rock oyster (Saccostrea glomerata) --- Argopecten irradians --- dinophysistoxin --- Port Underwood --- aquaculture --- niche partitioning --- Dinoflagellates. --- Dinoflagellata --- Dinoflagellida --- Dinophyceae --- Dinophyta --- Pyrrophycophyta --- Pyrrophyta --- Phytoflagellates --- physical-biological interactions --- El Niño Southern Oscillation --- Reloncaví Fjord