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Studies focusing on the perinatal period face unique challenges, yet research in this area is extremely important, as this period of life is highly delicate and adverse events might have a long-lasting impact. With the advent of powerful high-resolution and high-throughput analytical methods, researchers have started to successfully develop and implement novel approaches in this area. New insights have great potential to be translated into novel diagnostic tools, as well as alternative preventive and treatment approaches. This book collects a series of timely review and original research articles focusing on metabolomic, oxidative, and nitrosative stress in the perinatal period.We would like to thank all involved authors for their high-quality contributions and their commitment to the publication of this work and hope that this book will be a useful resource for students, scientists, and doctors working in this specific area of application.

Medicine --- glutathione --- glutamate --- oxidative stress --- hypoxia ischemia --- endotoxin --- magnetic resonance spectroscopy --- N-acetylcysteine --- vitamin D --- neonatal HIE --- MRS --- preterm birth --- sex differences --- male disadvantage --- female advantage --- bronchopulmonary dysplasia --- retinopathy of prematurity --- necrotizing enterocolitis --- intraventricular hemorrhage --- periventricular leukomalacia --- mortality --- transposition of the great arteries --- balloon atrial septostomy --- hypoxemia --- metabolomics --- newborn --- liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) --- allopurinol --- hypothermia --- hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy --- oxidative damage --- donor milk --- treatment --- Holder pasteurization --- breastmilk --- preterm --- antioxidant capacity --- asphyxia neonatorum --- non-invasive diagnostics --- saliva --- neonatal hypoxia–ischemia --- kynurenic acid (KYNA) --- neuroprotection --- hyperoxia --- prematurity --- n/a --- neonatal hypoxia-ischemia

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The book starts with the editors’ preface summarizing the contributions of each of the following thirteen articles dealing with chemical and pharmacological aspects of the molecular modulators of the oxidative stress in regard to various therapeutic approaches in cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and diabetes. The seven articles present data from original research studies enlightening the roles and mechanisms of action of small molecular weight compounds (natural and synthetic; ascorbic acid/vitamin C, deferoxamine, N-acetylcysteine, MitoVitE, α-tocopherol, trolox, and ezetimibe) or proteins (SIRT3) in modulation of oxidative stress. In the six review papers, the authors present and discuss the possible therapeutic potential of novel approaches and compounds that are promising and deserve further investigation, in modulation of oxidative stress.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- ascorbic acid --- deferoxamine --- N-acetylcysteine --- ischemia/reperfusion --- cardiac fibroblasts --- reactive oxygen species --- photobiomodulation --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-кB) --- cancer --- diabetes --- wound healing --- glucose --- pentose phosphate pathway --- NADPH --- redox balance --- glycogen --- glycolysis --- stress resistance --- insulin resistance --- immunomodulation --- inflammation --- olive tree --- oxidative stress --- secoirioids --- sirtuin 3 --- high fat diet --- sex differences --- mice --- metabolic stress --- antioxidants --- ADHD --- Nrf2 --- NRF2-KEAP1 --- ROS --- cancer metabolism --- antioxidant --- cancer therapy --- chemoresistance --- radioresistance --- sepsis --- MitoVitE --- mitochondria --- gene expression --- cytokines --- mRNA --- vitamin C --- folic acid --- one-carbon metabolism --- C2C12 cells --- metabolomics --- mass spectrometry --- type 2 diabetes --- dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors --- biomarkers --- ER stress --- Ezetimibe --- ischemia-reperfusion --- ionizing radiation --- liver --- hydroperoxide --- epigenetics --- miR7/MAFG/Nrf2 axe --- n/a

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Bacterial resistance to known and currently used antibiotics represents a growing issue worldwide. It poses a major problem in the treatment of infectious diseases in general and hospital-acquired infections in particular. This is in part due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in past decades, which led to the selection of highly resistant bacteria and even so-called superbugs – multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Nosocomial infections, particularly, are often caused by MDR bacterial pathogens and the treatment of such infections is very complicated and extensive, often leading to various side effects, including adverse effects on the natural human microbiome. At the same time, the development of novel antibiotics is lagging with very few new ones in the pipeline. Finding viable alternatives to treat such infections may help to overcome these therapeutic issues. This publication brings novel developments in the field of bacterial resistance, mainly in the hospital settings, adequate antibiotic therapy, and identification of compounds useful to battle this growing issue.

Medicine --- Epidemiology & medical statistics --- VRE --- GIT --- hemato-oncological patients --- clonality --- antibiotic stewardship --- resistance --- consumption of antibiotics --- clonal spread --- Enterococcus faecium --- Enterococcus faecalis --- linezolid resistance --- 23S rRNA --- optrA --- carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae --- carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii --- N-acetylcysteine --- septic shock --- critically ill patients --- newborn --- infection --- bacteria --- antibiotic therapy --- hops --- C. difficile --- rat model --- Staphylococcus aureus --- MRSA --- spa typing --- MLST --- SCCmec typing --- clonal analysis --- epidemiology --- cancer patients --- duration of treatment --- colistin --- propensity score analysis --- multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii --- urinary tract infections --- UTIs --- MDR --- Escherichia coli --- Klebsiella --- uropathogens --- AMR --- antibiotic resistance --- ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae --- urinary tract infection --- clinical impact --- economic impact --- ventilator-associated pneumonia --- Klebsiella spp. --- Escherichia spp. --- pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) --- endogenous infection --- methicillin-resistant --- porcine model --- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) --- long term care facilities (LTCF) --- multidrug resistance (MDR) --- enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) --- ESBL --- PCR --- primer --- antimicrobial resistance --- infection prevention and control --- antimicrobial stewardship --- hospital --- cluster analysis --- principal component analysis

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Bacterial resistance to known and currently used antibiotics represents a growing issue worldwide. It poses a major problem in the treatment of infectious diseases in general and hospital-acquired infections in particular. This is in part due to the overuse and misuse of antibiotics in past decades, which led to the selection of highly resistant bacteria and even so-called superbugs – multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Nosocomial infections, particularly, are often caused by MDR bacterial pathogens and the treatment of such infections is very complicated and extensive, often leading to various side effects, including adverse effects on the natural human microbiome. At the same time, the development of novel antibiotics is lagging with very few new ones in the pipeline. Finding viable alternatives to treat such infections may help to overcome these therapeutic issues. This publication brings novel developments in the field of bacterial resistance, mainly in the hospital settings, adequate antibiotic therapy, and identification of compounds useful to battle this growing issue.

VRE --- GIT --- hemato-oncological patients --- clonality --- antibiotic stewardship --- resistance --- consumption of antibiotics --- clonal spread --- Enterococcus faecium --- Enterococcus faecalis --- linezolid resistance --- 23S rRNA --- optrA --- carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae --- carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii --- N-acetylcysteine --- septic shock --- critically ill patients --- newborn --- infection --- bacteria --- antibiotic therapy --- hops --- C. difficile --- rat model --- Staphylococcus aureus --- MRSA --- spa typing --- MLST --- SCCmec typing --- clonal analysis --- epidemiology --- cancer patients --- duration of treatment --- colistin --- propensity score analysis --- multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii --- urinary tract infections --- UTIs --- MDR --- Escherichia coli --- Klebsiella --- uropathogens --- AMR --- antibiotic resistance --- ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae --- urinary tract infection --- clinical impact --- economic impact --- ventilator-associated pneumonia --- Klebsiella spp. --- Escherichia spp. --- pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) --- endogenous infection --- methicillin-resistant --- porcine model --- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) --- long term care facilities (LTCF) --- multidrug resistance (MDR) --- enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) --- ESBL --- PCR --- primer --- antimicrobial resistance --- infection prevention and control --- antimicrobial stewardship --- hospital --- cluster analysis --- principal component analysis

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Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an inherited disease that affects the blood vessels, and is characterized by direct connections between arteries and veins with no intervening capillaries. These abnormal vessels may appear in the skin as tiny red dilated blood vessels in the mouth, lips, fingers and toes. The presence of these vascular lesions in the mucosa can lead to spontaneous and recurrent nose bleeding, typically beginning in mid-childhood, and this is the most common clinical manifestation of HHT, occurring in over 90% of patients. Gastrointestinal bleeding, derived from mucocutaneous vascular lesions, affects approximately 25% of patients, almost always presenting after the age of 50. Chronic nasal and gastrointestinal bleeding can cause iron-deficiency anemia, and current therapeutic strategies are trying to minimize iron and blood transfusions. HHT patients also present large vascular lesions, known as arteriovenous malformations, that occur in internal organs like lungs, liver, and brain, and may result in life-threatening complications often related to the shunting of blood. This book not only highlights the current knowledge regarding diagnosis and treatment of HHT, but also the newest insights in the molecular basis of HHT, the understanding of which is essential for the development of new medicines or therapeutic strategies.

Research & information: general --- hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia --- rare diseases --- telangiectasis --- transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) --- Smad pathway --- gastrointestinal bleeding --- epistaxis --- nosebleeds --- tacrolimus --- nasal ointment --- genetic disease --- rare disease --- hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) --- telangiectases --- mechanical damage --- sun-induced trauma --- vascular malformations --- Endoglin --- activin-receptor-like kinase 1 --- Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia --- antithrombotic therapy --- anticoagulants --- antiplatelets --- bleeding --- safety --- HHT --- ALK1 --- endoglin --- raloxifene --- bazedoxifene --- tranexamic acid --- propranolol --- FK506 --- etamsylate --- N-acetylcysteine --- pulmonary arteriovenous malformations --- transcatheter embolotherapy --- screening --- guidelines --- Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia --- pediatrics --- genotype–phenotype correlation --- arteriovenous malformation --- ENG --- ACVRL1 --- SMAD4 --- microRNA --- biomarker --- plasma --- arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) --- angiogenesis --- activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) --- transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) --- bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) --- propranolol gel --- epistaxis severity score --- nasal endoscopy --- antiangiogenic properties --- non-coding RNAs --- microRNAs --- long non-coding RNAs --- biomarkers --- endothelial cells --- hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), second-hit --- arteriovenous malformation (AVM) --- Smad4 --- inflammation --- shear stress --- vascular injury --- somatic mutation --- cell adhesion --- vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) --- telangiectasia --- hereditary hemorrhagic --- survival --- life expectancy --- pulmonary arteriovenous malformation --- contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography --- liver --- MRI --- ultrasound --- AVM --- bevacizumab --- Osler–Weber–Rendu --- hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia/HHT/osler’s disease --- cerebral ischemic lesions --- catheter based embolization therapy