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Railroads --- Chemins de fer --- Railroads and state --- BPB0804 --- 625 EU --- Vervoer over land. Spoorwegen. Wegen--Europese Unie --- Government ownership of railroads --- Government regulation of railroads --- Nationalization of railroads --- Railroads, Nationalization of --- State and railroads --- State ownership of railroads --- Government ownership --- Transportation and state --- Railroad law --- Government policy --- Regulation --- State supervision --- Management --- Railroads and state - European Union countries

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From their origins, railways produced an intense competition between the two major continental systems in France and Germany. Fitting a new technology into existing political institutions and social habits, these two nations became inexorably involved in industrial and commercial rivalry that eventually escalated into the armed conflict of 1914. Based on many years of research in French and German archives, this study examines the adaptation of railroads and steam engines from Britain to the continent of Europe after the Napoleonic age. A fascinating example of how the same technology, borrowed at the same time from the same source, was assimilated differently by the two continental powers, this book offers a groundbreaking analysis of the crossroads of technology and politics during the first Industrial Revolution.

Railroads --- France --- History --- Germany --- Railroads and state --- World War, 1914-1918 --- Transportation --- History. --- Transportation. --- Government ownership of railroads --- Government regulation of railroads --- Nationalization of railroads --- Railroads, Nationalization of --- State and railroads --- State ownership of railroads --- Government ownership --- Transportation and state --- Railroad law --- Government policy --- Regulation --- State supervision --- Management

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Europe's railways are going through a period of radical restructuring in the drive to improve their efficiency and competitiveness. The emphasis is on fostering commercial freedom through a clearer separation of the roles of the State and of rail enterprises and through a progressive opening of access to rail infrastructure. This report examines reforms in over 30 countries from the Atlantic to the Urals, characterizing restructuring in terms of management independence, separation of infrastructure from operations and rights of access to rail infrastructure.

Transport --- Railroads --- Railroads and state --- Railroad law --- Business & Economics --- Transportation Economics --- Management --- Government regulation of railroads --- Law, Railroad --- Government ownership of railroads --- Nationalization of railroads --- Railroads, Nationalization of --- State and railroads --- State ownership of railroads --- Iron horses (Railroads) --- Lines, Railroad --- Rail industry --- Rail lines --- Rail transportation --- Railroad industry --- Railroad lines --- Railroad transportation --- Railway industry --- Railways --- Law and legislation --- Government ownership --- Government policy --- Regulation --- State supervision --- Concessions --- Corporation law --- Transportation and state --- Communication and traffic --- Public utilities --- Transportation --- Trusts, Industrial

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Over the last few years, much progress has been made in developing rail charges to ensure non-discriminatory access to, and efficient use of national rail networks. But in Europe the international dimension is still missing, particularly in terms of the freight market. Integration of European markets should provide great opportunities for rail freight transport to grow. This report shows how barriers to this growth – arising from differences in the way trains pay to use national networks – can be overcome. It recommends moving to a set of simple charges for freight that create similar incentives for the management and planning of train operations across national borders.

Transport --- Railroads --- Railroads and state --- Infrastructure (Economics) --- Business & Economics --- Transportation Economics --- Management --- Management. --- Government ownership of railroads --- Government regulation of railroads --- Nationalization of railroads --- Railroads, Nationalization of --- State and railroads --- State ownership of railroads --- Iron horses (Railroads) --- Lines, Railroad --- Rail industry --- Rail lines --- Rail transportation --- Railroad industry --- Railroad lines --- Railroad transportation --- Railway industry --- Railways --- Government ownership --- Government policy --- Regulation --- State supervision --- Transportation and state --- Railroad law --- Communication and traffic --- Concessions --- Public utilities --- Transportation --- Trusts, Industrial