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Environmental impact statements --- Net present value.

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Investment analysis. --- Manufacturing processes. --- Technology. --- Research and development projects. --- Rate of return. --- Net present value.

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Investment analysis. --- Manufacturing processes. --- Technology. --- Research and development projects. --- Rate of return. --- Net present value.

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A data set of key macro-sustainability indicators, constructed after several fact-finding missions, and World Bank methodologies on estimating wealth accounting are used to study Mauritania's wealth, which is estimated to be between USD 50 and USD 60 billion. The country's produced wealth represents roughly 12 percent of total wealth, much less than in lower-middle-income countries; by contrast, natural wealth represents approximately 45 percent of the total figure. Renewable resources account for slightly less than two-thirds of natural wealth, with fisheries alone equaling about one-fourth of natural wealth. This is good news for Mauritania, as sound management of these resources may ensure a constant flow of resources in the future and therefore-with adequate policies-the achievement of the same or higher levels of welfare for future generations. On the negative side, however, the ratio of net adjusted savings over gross national income is estimated to have been negative since 2006, meaning that the wealth of the country is being depleted. Mauritania has recently joined the ranks of lower-middle-income countries, largely thanks to its considerable natural resources endowment. Over time the mining sector's contribution to gross domestic product has grown significantly and important discoveries continue to be made. The overarching objective of this wealth accounting exercise is thus to support Mauritania to measure its assets better and achieve a more complete picture of the prospects for future income, with a view to better orienting public policies toward sustainable growth and shared prosperity. The paper concludes with several indicative policy recommendations.

Adjusted Net Savings --- Banks and Banking Reform --- Debt Markets --- Depletion --- Economic Theory & Research --- Emerging Markets --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Intangible Capital --- Intergenerational Welfare --- Investment & Investment Climate --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Natural Capital --- Net Present Value --- Private Sector Development --- Reinvestment --- Resource Rent --- Sustainability --- Wealth Accounting

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Accounting often is referred to as the language of business; unfortunately, many business professionals lack the fluency in this unique language required to perform basic financial analysis, prepare budgetary forecasts, or compare competing capital investment alternatives. And while there is no shortage of financial-related textbooks or reference manuals, most assume that readers have educational backgrounds - and/or have had years of professional experience - in accounting, financial analysis, or corporate finance. This book targets professionals with limited exposure to - or formal training in - accounting or related finance disciplines. These individuals often include - but certainly are not limited to - engineers, information technology specialists, retail managers, entrepreneurs, marketing directors, construction contractors, attorneys, and even bankers who are making career transitions from consumer lending positions to become commercial loan officers. The primary purpose of this book is to help managers and business owners from diverse professional and educational backgrounds to: (1) converse more effectively with their accounting and finance colleagues; (2) understand the structure and the elements of general-purpose financial statements, (3) identify both the usefulness and the limitations of accounting information; (4) prepare basic financial forecasts; and (5) make sense of commonly used decision-making models.

Accounting. --- Financial statements. --- Accruals --- accounting --- financial statements --- balance sheet --- income statement --- statement of cash flows --- assets --- deferrals --- liabilities --- equity --- revenue --- expenses --- cash flow --- financial analysis --- financial management --- profitability --- solvency --- liquidity --- budgeting --- decision-making --- financial forecasting --- pro forma financial statements --- cost-volume-profit analysis --- breakeven --- capital budgeting --- payback period --- discounted present-value --- internal rate of return --- net present value --- time-value of money