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Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are efficient storage systems for portable electronic devices, electrical power grids, and electrified transportation due to their high-energy density and low maintenance requirements. After their launch into the market in 1990s, they immediately became the dominant technology for portable systems. The development of LiBs for electric drive vehicles has been, in contrast, rather incremental. There are several critical issues, such as an energy density, system safety, cost, and environmental impact of the battery production processes, that remain challenges in the automotive field. In order to strengthen the LiB’s competitiveness and affordability in vehicle technology, the necessity of game-changer batteries is urgent. Recently, a novel approach going beyond Li batteries has become rapidly established. Several new chemistries have been proposed, leading to better performances in terms of energy density, long-life storage capability, safety, and sustainability. However, several challenges, such as a thorough understanding of mechanisms, cell design, long-term durability, and safety issues, have not yet been fully addressed. This book collects some recent developments and emerging trends in the field of “post-lithium” batteries, covering both fundamental and applied aspects of next-generation batteries

Research & information: general --- Technology: general issues --- metal-air --- zinc-air --- modeling --- simulation --- computational chemistry --- sodium-ion battery --- cathode --- solution combustion synthesis --- capacity retention --- Na0.44MnO2 --- garnet --- solid electrolyte --- lithium metal --- interface --- charge-transfer resistance --- polymer electrolyte --- single-ion conducting --- ionic conductivity --- Raman spectroscopy --- lithium glycerolate --- lithium single-ion conductor --- EIS --- Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy --- cycling --- catalyst --- carbon nanotubes --- Li-O2 battery

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Nowadays, the impressive progress of commercially available computers allows us to solve complicated mathematical problems in many scientific and technical fields. This revolution has reinvigorated all aspects of chemical engineering science. More sophisticated approaches to catalysis, kinetics, reactor design, and simulation have been developed thanks to the powerful calculation methods that have recently become available. It is well known that many chemical reactions are of great interest for industrial processes and must be conducted on a large scale in order to obtain needed information in thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport phenomena related to mass, energy, and momentum. For a reliable industrial-scale reactor design, all of this information must be employed in appropriate equations and mathematical models that allow for accurate and reliable simulations for scaling up purposes. The aim of this proposed Special Issue was to collect worldwide contributions from experts in the field of industrial reactor design based on kinetic and mass transfer studies. The following areas/sections were covered by the call for original papers: Kinetic studies on complex reaction schemes (multiphase systems); Kinetics and mass transfer in multifunctional reactors; Reactions in mass transfer-dominated regimes (fluid–solid and intraparticle diffusive limitations); Kinetic and mass transfer modeling using alternative approaches (ex. stochastic modeling); Simulations in pilot plants and industrial-sized reactors and scale-up studies based on kinetic studies (lab-to-plant approach).

Technology: general issues --- heat exchanger --- mathematical model --- energy efficiency --- inversion loss --- process design --- mass transfer --- hydrogenation --- slurry reactor --- muconic acid --- adipic acid --- LHHW model --- kinetics --- epoxides --- soybean oil --- hydrogen peroxide --- ring opening reaction --- continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) --- phase transfer catalysis (PTC) --- green chemistry --- multiphase reactor --- liquid–liquid–liquid reactions --- guaiacol --- epichlorohydrin --- guaiacol glycidyl ether --- slow and rapid reactions --- robust parameter estimation --- dimethyl carbonate --- gas–solid catalytic reactions --- chemical kinetics --- heat and mass transfer --- packed bed reactor --- multiphase system --- phase-field LB model --- complex channel --- flow pattern --- bubble evolution --- Suzuki cross-coupling --- hyper-cross-linked polystyrene --- palladium nanoparticles --- catalyst stability --- carbonization --- halogenation --- spent resin --- kinetic analysis --- thermodynamic analysis --- numerical optimization --- ultrasonic spraying --- three-phase reactor --- triolein --- transesterification --- CaO --- methanol vapor --- 1,1-diethoxybutane --- heterogeneous catalysts --- adsorption --- process intensification --- simulated moving bed reactor --- deoxygenation efficiency --- vacuum–N2–H2O–O2 system --- rotor–stator reactor --- correlation --- n/a --- liquid-liquid-liquid reactions --- gas-solid catalytic reactions --- vacuum-N2-H2O-O2 system --- rotor-stator reactor

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Nowadays, the impressive progress of commercially available computers allows us to solve complicated mathematical problems in many scientific and technical fields. This revolution has reinvigorated all aspects of chemical engineering science. More sophisticated approaches to catalysis, kinetics, reactor design, and simulation have been developed thanks to the powerful calculation methods that have recently become available. It is well known that many chemical reactions are of great interest for industrial processes and must be conducted on a large scale in order to obtain needed information in thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport phenomena related to mass, energy, and momentum. For a reliable industrial-scale reactor design, all of this information must be employed in appropriate equations and mathematical models that allow for accurate and reliable simulations for scaling up purposes. The aim of this proposed Special Issue was to collect worldwide contributions from experts in the field of industrial reactor design based on kinetic and mass transfer studies. The following areas/sections were covered by the call for original papers: Kinetic studies on complex reaction schemes (multiphase systems); Kinetics and mass transfer in multifunctional reactors; Reactions in mass transfer-dominated regimes (fluid–solid and intraparticle diffusive limitations); Kinetic and mass transfer modeling using alternative approaches (ex. stochastic modeling); Simulations in pilot plants and industrial-sized reactors and scale-up studies based on kinetic studies (lab-to-plant approach).

heat exchanger --- mathematical model --- energy efficiency --- inversion loss --- process design --- mass transfer --- hydrogenation --- slurry reactor --- muconic acid --- adipic acid --- LHHW model --- kinetics --- epoxides --- soybean oil --- hydrogen peroxide --- ring opening reaction --- continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) --- phase transfer catalysis (PTC) --- green chemistry --- multiphase reactor --- liquid–liquid–liquid reactions --- guaiacol --- epichlorohydrin --- guaiacol glycidyl ether --- slow and rapid reactions --- robust parameter estimation --- dimethyl carbonate --- gas–solid catalytic reactions --- chemical kinetics --- heat and mass transfer --- packed bed reactor --- multiphase system --- phase-field LB model --- complex channel --- flow pattern --- bubble evolution --- Suzuki cross-coupling --- hyper-cross-linked polystyrene --- palladium nanoparticles --- catalyst stability --- carbonization --- halogenation --- spent resin --- kinetic analysis --- thermodynamic analysis --- numerical optimization --- ultrasonic spraying --- three-phase reactor --- triolein --- transesterification --- CaO --- methanol vapor --- 1,1-diethoxybutane --- heterogeneous catalysts --- adsorption --- process intensification --- simulated moving bed reactor --- deoxygenation efficiency --- vacuum–N2–H2O–O2 system --- rotor–stator reactor --- correlation --- n/a --- liquid-liquid-liquid reactions --- gas-solid catalytic reactions --- vacuum-N2-H2O-O2 system --- rotor-stator reactor

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Iconography --- landscapes [representations] --- Amoroso, Nadia --- Cantrell, Bradley --- de Monchaux, Nicholas --- Guerreiro, Paulo --- Gustafson, Kathryn --- Lieberman, David --- Meyer & Silberberg --- MLZ Design --- Paar, Philip --- Rekittke, Jörg --- Speed, Chris --- Architectural Association School of Architecture [London] --- MVRDV [Rotterdam] --- Ballistic Architecture Machine --- Balmori --- Centre for Landscape Research --- EcoLogicStudio --- Emergent [Veurne] --- Fletcher Studio --- Freise Brothers --- GT2P --- Groundlab --- Hood Design --- Institute of Landscape Architecture --- LAND --- Laboratory for Visionary Architecture --- Land-I Archcolture --- Landworks Studio --- Lateral Office --- Metagardens --- Nox --- O2 Planning & Design --- PEG Office of Lanscape & Architecture --- PYO Arquitectos --- Paisajes Emergentes --- R&Sie(n) --- StossLU --- TerreformONE --- Topotek1 --- Turenscape --- Urbanarbolismo --- VisionDivision --- West 8 [Rotterdam] --- Zaha Hadid Architects --- Andrés Jaque Arquitects

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This reprint discusses the various applications, new materials, and evolution in the field of nanogenerators. This lays the foundation for the popularization of their broad applications in energy science, environmental protection, wearable electronics, self-powered sensors, medical science, robotics, and artificial intelligence.

Energy --- triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) --- sodium chloride powder --- self-powered sensor --- low-cost --- human–machine interaction --- triboelectric nanogenerator --- self-powered sensing --- self-charging power unit --- remote telemetry and control --- self-powered --- triboelectric --- magnetorheological elastomer --- magnetic --- mechanical energy --- dioxygen activation --- triboelectric corona plasma --- O2− reactive species --- spin conversion --- coniform Helmholtz resonator --- acoustic energy harvesting --- organogel --- stable --- pressure sensing --- nanogenerator --- technology evolution pathway --- knowledge graph --- representation learning --- multi-source data --- nanomaterials --- AR and VR --- metal halide perovskite --- rare-earth metal --- solar cell --- light-emitting diode --- photodetector --- luminescent solar concentrators --- technology evolutionary path --- text vectorization --- theme mining --- theme river map --- triboelectric nanogenerators --- fluid dynamics sensing --- energy harvesting --- triboelectricity --- TENG --- contact-separation mode --- corona charging --- IoT --- n/a --- human-machine interaction