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The proliferation of HF radar systems for ocean remote sensing and maritime surveillance continues apace, with hundreds of such radars now deployed around the world. The overwhelming majority of these radars operate in the conventional monostatic configuration, with the transmitting and receiving systems collocated or closely spaced; this simple geometry has obvious advantages in terms of cost, siting requirements, communications, maintenance, signal processing, and echo interpretation, and it has been adopted by HF radars exploiting line-of-sight, surface wave, and skywave propagation modalities. All these considerations notwithstanding, in some circumstances there can be compelling reasons to implement bistatic configurations, defined as geometries in which the separation between transmitter and receiver is comparable with the range to the zones being interrogated. Factors that can drive this decision include energy budget, desire to exploit hybrid propagation modes, scattering characteristics of the targets of interest, properties of the clutter, survivability, and covertness. This book, a compilation of papers by leading researchers in the field, offers a panoramic account of the state of the art in bistatic HF radar. Topics covered include system design, HF propagation and scattering, signal processing, echo interpretation, and applications in the maritime domain. Supported with extensive references to the literature, this book should serve as an essential source for practitioners keen to expand the capabilities of their HF radar systems.

bistatic HF radar --- radar cross section (RCS) --- sea clutter --- shore-to-air bistatic HF radar --- scattering coefficient --- Doppler spectra --- cyclic cross ambiguity function --- data fusion --- GPS --- multiple satellites collaboration --- passive detection --- HFSWR --- target tracking --- interacting multiple model --- extended Kalman filter --- track association --- extreme learning machine --- HF radar --- remote sensing --- inversion --- radar cross section --- bistatic radar --- directional wave spectrum --- bistatic HFSWR --- shipborne HFSWR --- first-order sea clutter --- experiment verification --- electromagnetic scattering --- radio oceanography --- OTH radar --- compact HFSWR --- bistatic configuration --- target detection

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The proliferation of HF radar systems for ocean remote sensing and maritime surveillance continues apace, with hundreds of such radars now deployed around the world. The overwhelming majority of these radars operate in the conventional monostatic configuration, with the transmitting and receiving systems collocated or closely spaced; this simple geometry has obvious advantages in terms of cost, siting requirements, communications, maintenance, signal processing, and echo interpretation, and it has been adopted by HF radars exploiting line-of-sight, surface wave, and skywave propagation modalities. All these considerations notwithstanding, in some circumstances there can be compelling reasons to implement bistatic configurations, defined as geometries in which the separation between transmitter and receiver is comparable with the range to the zones being interrogated. Factors that can drive this decision include energy budget, desire to exploit hybrid propagation modes, scattering characteristics of the targets of interest, properties of the clutter, survivability, and covertness. This book, a compilation of papers by leading researchers in the field, offers a panoramic account of the state of the art in bistatic HF radar. Topics covered include system design, HF propagation and scattering, signal processing, echo interpretation, and applications in the maritime domain. Supported with extensive references to the literature, this book should serve as an essential source for practitioners keen to expand the capabilities of their HF radar systems.

History of engineering & technology --- bistatic HF radar --- radar cross section (RCS) --- sea clutter --- shore-to-air bistatic HF radar --- scattering coefficient --- Doppler spectra --- cyclic cross ambiguity function --- data fusion --- GPS --- multiple satellites collaboration --- passive detection --- HFSWR --- target tracking --- interacting multiple model --- extended Kalman filter --- track association --- extreme learning machine --- HF radar --- remote sensing --- inversion --- radar cross section --- bistatic radar --- directional wave spectrum --- bistatic HFSWR --- shipborne HFSWR --- first-order sea clutter --- experiment verification --- electromagnetic scattering --- radio oceanography --- OTH radar --- compact HFSWR --- bistatic configuration --- target detection

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Sensors are the eyes or/and ears of an intelligent system, such as UAV, AGV and robots. With the development of material, signal processing, and multidisciplinary interactions, more and more smart sensors are proposed and fabricated under increasing demands for homes, the industry, and military fields. Networks of sensors will be able to enhance the ability to obtain huge amounts of information (big data) and improve precision, which also mirrors the developmental tendency of modern sensors. Moreover, artificial intelligence is a novel impetus for sensors and networks, which gets sensors to learn and think and feed more efficient results back. This book includes new research results from academia and industry, on the subject of “Smart Sensors and Networks”, especially sensing technologies utilizing Artificial Intelligence. The topics include: smart sensors biosensors sensor network sensor data fusion artificial intelligence deep learning mechatronics devices for sensors applications of sensors for robotics and mechatronics devices

History of engineering & technology --- microelectromechanical systems --- inertial measurement unit --- long short term memory recurrent neural networks --- artificial intelligence --- deep learning --- CNN --- LSTM --- CO2 welding --- molten pool --- online monitoring --- mechanical sensor --- self-adaptiveness --- ankle-foot exoskeleton --- walking assistance --- visual tracking --- correlation filter --- color histogram --- adaptive hedge algorithm --- scenario generation --- autonomous vehicle --- smart sensor and device --- wireless sensor networks --- task assignment --- distributed --- reliable --- energy-efficient --- audification --- sensor --- visualization --- speech to text --- text to speech --- HF-OTH radar --- AIS --- radar tracking --- data fusion --- fuzzy functional dependencies --- maritime surveillance --- surgical robot end-effector --- clamping force estimation --- joint torque disturbance observer --- PSO-BPNN --- cable tension measurement --- queue length --- roadside sensor --- vehicle detection --- adverse weather --- roadside LiDAR --- data processing --- air pollution --- atmospheric data --- IoT --- machine learning --- RNN --- Sensors --- smart cities --- traffic flow --- traffic forecasting --- wireless sensor network --- fruit condition monitoring --- artificial neural network --- ethylene gas --- banana ripening --- unidimensional ACGAN --- signal recognition --- data augmentation --- link establishment behaviors --- DenseNet --- short-wave radio station --- landing gear --- adaptive landing --- vehicle classification --- FBG --- smart sensors --- outlier detection --- local outlier factor --- data streams --- air quality monitoring --- n/a --- evacuation path --- multi-story multi-exit building --- temperature sensors --- multi-time-slots planning --- optimization

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• Reference Manager
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Sensors are the eyes or/and ears of an intelligent system, such as UAV, AGV and robots. With the development of material, signal processing, and multidisciplinary interactions, more and more smart sensors are proposed and fabricated under increasing demands for homes, the industry, and military fields. Networks of sensors will be able to enhance the ability to obtain huge amounts of information (big data) and improve precision, which also mirrors the developmental tendency of modern sensors. Moreover, artificial intelligence is a novel impetus for sensors and networks, which gets sensors to learn and think and feed more efficient results back. This book includes new research results from academia and industry, on the subject of “Smart Sensors and Networks”, especially sensing technologies utilizing Artificial Intelligence. The topics include: smart sensors biosensors sensor network sensor data fusion artificial intelligence deep learning mechatronics devices for sensors applications of sensors for robotics and mechatronics devices

microelectromechanical systems --- inertial measurement unit --- long short term memory recurrent neural networks --- artificial intelligence --- deep learning --- CNN --- LSTM --- CO2 welding --- molten pool --- online monitoring --- mechanical sensor --- self-adaptiveness --- ankle-foot exoskeleton --- walking assistance --- visual tracking --- correlation filter --- color histogram --- adaptive hedge algorithm --- scenario generation --- autonomous vehicle --- smart sensor and device --- wireless sensor networks --- task assignment --- distributed --- reliable --- energy-efficient --- audification --- sensor --- visualization --- speech to text --- text to speech --- HF-OTH radar --- AIS --- radar tracking --- data fusion --- fuzzy functional dependencies --- maritime surveillance --- surgical robot end-effector --- clamping force estimation --- joint torque disturbance observer --- PSO-BPNN --- cable tension measurement --- queue length --- roadside sensor --- vehicle detection --- adverse weather --- roadside LiDAR --- data processing --- air pollution --- atmospheric data --- IoT --- machine learning --- RNN --- Sensors --- smart cities --- traffic flow --- traffic forecasting --- wireless sensor network --- fruit condition monitoring --- artificial neural network --- ethylene gas --- banana ripening --- unidimensional ACGAN --- signal recognition --- data augmentation --- link establishment behaviors --- DenseNet --- short-wave radio station --- landing gear --- adaptive landing --- vehicle classification --- FBG --- smart sensors --- outlier detection --- local outlier factor --- data streams --- air quality monitoring --- n/a --- evacuation path --- multi-story multi-exit building --- temperature sensors --- multi-time-slots planning --- optimization