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How Fat Works is a concise and up-to-date primer on the workings of fat. It is essential reading for professionals entering careers in medicine and public health administration or anyone wanting a better understanding of one of our most urgent health crises.

Lipids. --- Lipids --- Adipose tissues --- Obesity --- Metabolism. --- Genetic aspects. --- Prevention. --- Adiposity --- Corpulence --- Fatness --- Overweight --- Adipose tissue --- Body fat tissues --- Fat tissue --- Fatty tissue --- Lipid metabolism --- Lipides --- Lipins --- Lipoids --- Adipose Tissue --- prevention and control --- Body weight --- Metabolism --- Nutrition disorders --- Connective tissues --- Fat --- Biomolecules --- Steroids --- Disorders --- Genetic aspects --- Prevention --- metabolism --- genetics --- metabolism. --- genetics. --- prevention & control. --- Lipids - Metabolism --- Adipose tissues - Metabolism --- Obesity - Genetic aspects --- Obesity - Prevention --- Adipose Tissue - metabolism --- Obesity - genetics --- Obesity - prevention and control --- Acqui 2006

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Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally and presents a major challenge to policy makers and clinicians alike. Recent research has suggested that obesity has its origins in early life and that early diet can programme a developing fetus’ and young infant’s future susceptibility to obesity. This volume contains recent findings presented at the International Conference on Early Nutrition Programming and Health Outcomes in Later Life: Obesity and Beyond - a satellite meeting of the 15th European Congress on Obesity, held in Budapest in April 2007. Basic scientific research, data from epidemiological studies and clinical trial results were all presented during the programme. This volume includes articles discussing the evidence for an effect of early nutrition programming on later obesity and cardiovascular risk; the growing evidence for an intergenerational cycle of obesity; the role of maternal leptin in programming appetite; possible cellular mechanisms for altered energy balance, including mitochondrial programming and the effects of regulators of metabolism; and how epigenetic changes might be the fundamental underlying mechanism explaining programming effects. Consumer understanding of the concept of early nutrition programming and the extent to which early nutrition programming is taken into account in infant feeding policies are also discussed.

Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena -- Congresses. --- Fetus -- Nutrition -- Congresses. --- Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena -- Congresses. --- Infants -- Nutrition -- Congresses. --- Maternal-fetal exchange -- Congresses. --- Medicine, Preventive -- Congresses. --- Metabolism -- Congresses. --- Obesity -- Congresses. --- Obesity -- Prevention -- Congresses. --- Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena -- Congresses. --- Infants --- Fetus --- Medicine, Preventive --- Obesity --- Maternal-fetal exchange --- Metabolism --- Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena --- Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena --- Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena --- Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena --- Overweight --- Pregnancy --- Nutritional Physiological Phenomena --- Overnutrition --- Body Weight --- Reproduction --- Physiological Phenomena --- Nutrition Disorders --- Signs and Symptoms --- Body Size --- Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases --- Phenomena and Processes --- Reproductive Physiological Processes --- Reproductive Physiological Phenomena --- Diseases --- Body Weights and Measures --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Body Constitution --- Reproductive and Urinary Physiological Phenomena --- Physical Examination --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Diagnosis --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Pediatrics --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Nutrition --- Prevention --- Maternal and infant welfare. --- Nutrition. --- Infant welfare --- Maternity welfare --- Charities, protection, etc. --- Medicine. --- Health promotion. --- Maternal and child health services. --- Biomedicine. --- Biomedicine general. --- Maternal and Child Health. --- Health Promotion and Disease Prevention. --- Health promotion programs --- Health promotion services --- Promotion of health --- Wellness programs --- Preventive health services --- Health education --- Clinical sciences --- Medical profession --- Human biology --- Life sciences --- Medical sciences --- Pathology --- Physicians --- Child welfare --- Mothers --- Women --- Maternal health services --- Charities --- Biomedicine, general. --- Health Workforce

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Over a half of adults in the US, Canada, Australia and numerous European countries are now overweight or obese, a proportion that has risen sharply in the past two decades. Dominant biomedical explanations focus on the energy equation – an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure - and remedies focus on motivating individuals to restore the balance by eating better and being more active, or – in extreme cases – surgical intervention.   This book offers a perspective that sees increasing obesity as a social phenomenon as well as a public health problem. It contains detailed accounts of three generations of Australians’ experiences of changing environments and the emergence of social trends such as increasing availability of convenience foods, the individualisation and commercialisation of leisure, car reliance, and busyness. Participants' narratives are interwoven with sociological and historical analyses of changes to show how contemporary Australians are experiencing and adapting to dramatic socio-cultural and environmental changes that are reshaping their lives and, in many cases, their bodies.    The book demonstrates that obesity is an unintended consequence of economic development accompanied by profound socio-cultural changes, and by identifying the key developments the authors propose leverage points. While the research was conducted in Australia, the fundamental drivers of rapid weight gain are equally present in other modern, secular societies.

Obesity -- Epidemiology. --- Obesity -- Prevention. --- Obesity -- Psychological aspects. --- Obesity -- Social aspects. --- Obesity. --- Overweight persons -- Counseling of. --- Obesity --- Sociology --- Overweight --- Overnutrition --- Socioeconomic Factors --- Social Sciences --- Body Weight --- Nutrition Disorders --- Population Characteristics --- Body Size --- Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases --- Health Care --- Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena --- Signs and Symptoms --- Body Weights and Measures --- Diseases --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Body Constitution --- Physiological Phenomena --- Physical Examination --- Phenomena and Processes --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Diagnosis --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Social Conditions --- Public Health --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Public Health - General --- Social aspects --- Food habits --- Food preferences --- Food consumption --- Food supply --- History --- Adiposity --- Corpulence --- Fatness --- Food control --- Consumption of food --- Food selection --- Eating --- Food customs --- Foodways --- Human beings --- Medicine. --- Public health. --- Population. --- Sociology. --- Medicine & Public Health. --- Public Health. --- Sociology, general. --- Population Economics. --- Body weight --- Metabolism --- Nutrition disorders --- Produce trade --- Agriculture --- Food security --- Single cell proteins --- Cost and standard of living --- Nutrition --- Taste --- Habit --- Manners and customs --- Diet --- Oral habits --- Disorders --- Psychological aspects --- Human population --- Human populations --- Population growth --- Populations, Human --- Economics --- Human ecology --- Demography --- Malthusianism --- Social theory --- Social sciences --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Social hygiene --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation

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The Addressing Food and Nutrition Security in Developed Countries Special Issue is a collection of papers from researchers in counties with developed economies who are responding to increasing prevalence of food insecurity. Food insecurity is relatively hidden, and the real extent of the problem is likely to be underestimated in many of these countries. Novel methods to estimate the prevalence of food insecurity in the face of no routine measurement are presented. Population surveys highlight adverse mental health outcomes and new and emerging subgroups that are experiencing food insecurity. Understanding the factors associated with food insecurity and how people cope is extremely important when considering how best to address the problem. Readers can become familiar with the lived experience of food insecurity in some countries—essential intelligence for effective policy and interventions. The extent of food banking operations and the nature of the charitable response in some countries is also described. Country-specific research highlights the importance of understanding the cultural and external environmental context. The influence the cost of food and budgetary tools on diet and food insecurity suggests opportunities for intervention. Researchers calls for social protection and high-quality dignified responses to address this complex public health problem.

diet affordability --- California Health Interview Survey --- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander --- deservingness --- subsidy --- mental health --- remote --- welfare state --- incentive --- cost of a healthy diet --- access to food --- monitoring and surveillance --- INFORMAS --- children --- qualitative --- disadvantages --- poverty --- food insecurity --- food service --- social support --- reference budgets --- determinants --- non-communicable disease --- Canadian adults --- monitoring --- diet prices --- inequality --- food affordability --- physical health --- food equality --- Finland --- diet-related chronic disease --- older people --- women --- Pacific diets --- Newstart allowance --- charitable food services --- Indigenous --- social assistance --- food system --- Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) --- Healthy Diets ASAP tool --- prevalence --- policy --- food charity --- sex --- secondary data --- food assistance --- developed countries --- social enterprise models --- low income --- M?ori diets --- household --- food poverty --- social assistance payments --- food price --- community store --- Hurricane Katrina --- stressful life events --- fiscal policy --- food stress --- low-to-middle income --- trauma-informed --- rural --- experience --- stressors --- Indigenous population --- research --- affordability --- social determinants --- social security --- charity --- obesity prevention --- Sustainable Development Goals --- obesity --- nutrition environment --- coping strategies --- welfare recipients --- Food-based dietary guidelines --- food surveys --- experiences --- fruit and vegetables --- food aid recipient --- hunger --- nutrition --- food supply --- mixed methodology research --- nutrition policy --- household food insecurity --- food prices --- Asian Americans --- intervention --- English language use --- values --- Scotland --- acculturation --- disaster --- voluntary failure --- family health --- surveillance --- diet --- food banks --- scoping review --- ageing --- rural communities --- path diagram --- Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population --- food pricing --- homeless --- families --- food and nutrition security --- food bank --- co-creation --- urban --- food security --- food policy --- depression --- diet price --- food aid

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In pregnancy, maternal nutrition sustains and nourishes the developing child. Imbalances in either the direction of nutritional excess or deficiency can have adverse consequences for child health. In addition, more research now suggests that good pregnancy nutrition influences child health beyond pregnancy and delivery. This includes modifying the risk of child health outcomes as they enter childhood and adulthood through influences on placental development, hormonal pathways, and organ structure and function. Poor pregnancy nutrition may also compromise maternal health during pregnancy, which may have long-term consequences for women’s health. Understanding the biological and social mechanisms operating during pregnancy can help in the design of better clinical and public health interventions. This Special Issue on “The Role of Pregnancy Nutrition in Maternal and Offspring Health” includes etiological and mechanistic studies of pregnancy nutrition with short- and long-term maternal and child health outcomes, including original research, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Together, this body of work provides important insights into the influence of dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients on pregnancy outcomes, and long-term neurodevelopmental, respiratory, and metabolic health in the children. It also highlights nutritional consequences for specific groups of women, including those with pregnancy complications and eating disorders.

non-IgE-mediated food reactions --- eating disorders --- foetal programming --- bulimia nervosa --- Obesity --- fatty fish --- Mediterranean diet --- angiogenesis --- pregnancy --- asthma --- preeclampsia --- infant nutrition --- food clusters --- placenta --- maternal nutrition --- DHA --- chronic kidney disease --- Dlx3 --- pregnancy outcomes --- neonatal outcomes --- choline --- offspring health --- sirtuin --- omega-3 --- inflammation --- placental insufficiency --- gestational diabetes --- docosahexaenoic acid --- fetal development --- birth weight --- binge eating disorder --- preterm Birth --- vitamin D --- food frequency questionnaire --- eating behavior --- attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity --- SGA --- systematic review --- weaning --- hypothalamic inflammation --- birthweight --- dietary screening --- food-related IgG --- breastfeeding --- purging --- preterm birth --- Rhodiola --- foetal growth --- micronutrients --- gestational age --- obesity prevention --- autism spectrum disorder --- vegan diets --- pregnancy nutrition --- Iodine --- nutritional programing --- dietary behaviour --- preterm labor --- nutrition --- birth length --- ghrelin --- lactation --- immunomodulators --- head circumference --- Echinacea --- dietary habits --- brain health --- probiotics --- Camellia --- large for gestational age (LGA) --- apoptosis --- vegetarian diets --- human milk --- anorexia nervosa --- neurodevelopmental disorders --- lifestyle intervention --- placental transport --- diet --- microglia --- Panax --- eye function --- plant-based diets --- social experiment --- meta-analysis --- essential fatty acids --- etiology --- small for gestational age (SGA) --- Insufficiency --- developmental origins of health and disease --- fortification